Table 3.
Multi-level analysis of factors in association with voluntary T21 adoption as of December 2019
| Predictive variables | AOR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|
| State tobacco regulation | ||
| Comprehensive smoke-free air laws (yes vs no) | 3.63 (2.74–4.82) | <0.0001 |
| Tobacco licensing (yes vs no) | 1.96 (1.42–2.71) | <0.0001 |
| Local characteristics | ||
| Urban vs rurala | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 0.005 |
| Retail violation of minor salesb | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) | <0.0001 |
| Zip code level SESc(%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.0759 |
| Hispanic | 1.19 (1.14–1.24) | <0.0001 |
| Asian | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | <0.0001 |
| American Indians | 0.87 (0.84–0.90) | <0.0001 |
| 15–17 years old | 0.89 (0.83–0.96) | <0.0001 |
| 18–20 years old | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | <0.0001 |
| Bachelor’s degree and above | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 0.003 |
| Persons living in poverty | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 0.0553 |
a
The Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes are from the USDA. A binary indicator was created for urban (Metropolitan) versus rural (Micropolitan, Small Town and Rural).
b
The underage tobacco inspection data were obtained from the FDA compliance inspection database. Retail violation of underage sales included warning letter, civil money penalty, and no-tobacco-sale order.
c
Per 10% increase. SES: socioeconomic status. AOR: adjusted odds ratio.