Fig. 2.

Orphan gene impact class frequency and variant profile similarity to Nisqually-1 (reference genome), (A) Frequency of variant impacts by mutation class (high, LOF = predicted loss of function, low, moderate, and modifier) in 445 orphan and 42,505 nonorphan genes. Nonorphan genes are defined as genes excluded as orphan genes as a result of our curation pipeline (**** = P < 1e−4, Wilcoxon signed rank test). (B) The 13 de novo genes and similarity to Nisqually-1’s (reference genome) genotype profile, represented as mean identity by state.