Table 1. Clinical summary of critically ill COVID-19 and influenza cohorts.
| COVIDa (n = 41) | FLUb (n = 18) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 58 (48–65) | 56 (46–61) | ns |
| Sex at birth, n (%) | M 26 (63) F 15 (37) |
M 13 (72) F 5 (28) |
ns |
| BAMEc, n (%) | 23 (56) | 4 (22) | 0.02 |
| BMId median (IQR) | 28 (25–30) | 26 (23–32) | ns |
| Active/past smoker | 11 (27) | 8 (44) | ns |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 15 (37) | 4 (22) | ns |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (24) | 2 (11) | ns |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 6 (15) | 6 (33) | ns |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 3 (7.3) | 1 (5.6) | ns |
| Severely immunocompromisede, n (%) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0) | ns |
| Corticosteroids in 21 days pre ICU, n (%) | 3 (7) | 3 (17) | ns |
| Mean total steroids in 21 days pre ICU, (mg/kg of pred/equiv) | 0.18 | 0.45 | ns |
| Parameters at ICU admission | |||
| Days post symptom onset until ICU admission, median (IQR) | 8 (6–11) | 4 (2–7) | <0.0001 |
| Days post symptom onset until blood sampling, median (IQR) | 14 (12–21) | 9 (6–10) | 0.001 |
| Days post ICU admission until blood sampling, median (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 3 (1–4) | 0.002 |
| ICU admission SOFA score | 6 (5–8) | 10 (9–14) | <0.0001 |
| ICU admission Apache II score | 12 (9–16) | 20 (17–26) | <0.0001 |
| ICU admission lymphocyte count (x109/L) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.6 (0.3–0.9) | ns |
| ICU admission NLRf, median (IQR) | 10 (6–17) | 14 (7–31) | ns |
| ICU interventions & outcomes | |||
| ECMOg, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (44) | <0.0001 |
| RRTh, n (%) | 15 (37) | 11 (61) | ns |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0) | ns |
| Corticosteroids during ICU stay, n (%) | 21 (51) | 11 (61) | ns |
| Mean total steroids during ICU stay (mg/kg of pred/equiv) | 6.3 | 2.7 | ns |
| Days mechanically ventilated, median (IQR) | 15 (10–25) | 20 (9–33) | ns |
| Days on ICU, median (IQR) | 17 (11–29) | 24 (14–34) | ns |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 21 (51) | 1 (4.5) | 0.0009 |
| HCWc (n = 12) | HCd (n = 12) | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 55 (38–59) | 68 (34–76) | |
| Sex at birth, n (%) | M 5 (42) F 7 (58) |
M 6 (50) F 6 (50) |
|
| Days post symptom onset until blood sampling, median (IQR) | 58 (42–68) | NA |
a, ICU (mechanically ventilated) COVID-19.
b, ICU (mechanically ventilated) Influenza.
c, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic.
d, Body Mass Index (kg/m2).
e, Defined in accordance with EORTC/MSGERC host factors for invasive fungal disease. The patient listed was a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient.
f, neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio.
g, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
h, Renal replacement therapy.