Table 2.
Multivariable Linear Regression Model for CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Senescence
| Variable | HIV-Infected ART Recipients |
Uninfected Controls |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | Beta | P Value | B (95% CI) | Beta | P Value | |
| CD4+CD27-CD28- | ||||||
| Age | 0.14 (−.05–.34) | 0.15 | .15 | 0.11 (−.08–.30) | 0.11 | .24 |
| CD8+ T-cell count | 0.001 (−.003–.006) | 0.07 | .50 | 0.013 (.007–.019) | 0.42 | 1.7 × 10−5 |
| CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ | 1.82 (.39–3.24) | 0.26 | .013 | 1.11 (.65–2.86) | 0.12 | .21 |
| CMV antibody titer | 0.012 (−.018–.042) | 0.081 | .43 | 0.052 (.007–.096) | 0.21 | .022 |
| CD4+CD57+ | ||||||
| Age | 0.112 (−.093–.32) | 0.11 | .28 | 0.065 (−0.17–.30) | 0.054 | .57 |
| CD8+ T-cell count | 0.001 (−.003–.006) | 0.060 | .53 | 0.013 (.006–.020) | 0.35 | .0006 |
| CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ | 2.95 (1.43–4.47) | 0.39 | .0002 | 2.22 (.051–4.39) | 0.20 | .045 |
| CD8+CD27-CD28- | ||||||
| Age | 0.58 (.18–.98) | 0.27 | .005 | 0.53 (.078–.99) | 0.21 | .022 |
| CD4+ T-cell count | −0.015 (−.027 to −.003) | −0.24 | .015 | −0.004 (−.016–.008) | −0.064 | .51 |
| CD8+ T-cell count | 0.014 (.004–.024) | 0.28 | .005 | 0.03 (.02–.05) | 0.44 | 2.8 × 10−5 |
| CMV antibody titer | 0.06 (−.005–.12) | 0.17 | .07 | 0.12 (.01–.23) | 0.2 | .03 |
| CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ | 1.04 (.27–1.81) | 0.25 | .009 | 0.34 (−.63–1.31) | 0.07 | .48 |
| CD8+CD57+ | ||||||
| Age | 0.43 (.045–.82) | 0.2 | .03 | 0.33 (−.13–.79) | 0.138 | .16 |
| CD4+ T-cell count | −0.020 (−.032 to −.008) | −0.33 | .001 | −0.003 (−.015–.009) | −0.050 | .63 |
| CD8+ T-cell count | 0.014 (.005–.023) | 0.29 | .004 | 0.026 (.011–.041) | 0.36 | .001 |
| CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ | 1.46 (.73–2.20) | 0.37 | .0002 | 0.56 (−.42–1.54) | 0.12 | .26 |
Multivariate linear regression models included parameters selected by univariable linear regression analysis (age, CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells, CMV high-avidity antibody titer, CMV antibody titer, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD4+PD-1+ cells, and Treg percentage). Using a backward approach and optimization by hand, models were minimized to include only the most significant predictors.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; CMV, cytomegalovirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; Treg, regulatory T cell.