Table 3. Type of lesions and main causes of bleeding.
| Type of lesion 1 | n/N | Main cause of bleeding (/2205) 2 |
| Ulcers or erosions | /1145 | 990 (44.9) |
| Esophageal | 121 (10.6) | 99 |
| Gastric | 437 (38.2) | 372 |
| Duodenal | 587 (51.3) | 519 |
| Forrest classification | /417 | |
| Ia | 8 (1.9) | |
| Ib | 47 (11.3) | |
| IIa | 28 (6.7) | |
| IIb | 56 (13.4) | |
| IIc | 62 (14.9) | |
| III | 216 (51.8) | |
| Portal hypertension | /684 | 416 (18.9) |
| Esophageal varices | 419 (61.3) | 313 |
| Gastric varices | 47 (6.9) | 36 |
| Gastropathy | 215 (31.4) | 64 |
| Duodenal varices | 3 (0.4) | 3 |
| Esophageal varix classification | /411 | |
| Grade 1 | 81 (19.7) | |
| Grade 2 | 198 (48.2) | |
| Grade 3 | 132 (32.1) | |
| Esophagitis | /396 | 251 (11.4) |
| Peptic | 380 (96) | |
| Caustic | 4 (1) | |
| Post-radiotherapy | 4 (1) | |
| Unknown | 8 (2) | |
| Cancer | /121 | 115 (5.2) |
| Esophageal | 31 (25.6) | 29 |
| Gastric | 65 (53.7) | 62 |
| Duodenal | 25 (20.7) | 24 |
| Vascular | /121 | 94 (4.3) |
| Esophageal | 3 (2.5) | 1 |
| Gastric | 71 (58.7) | 56 |
| Duodenal | 47 (38.8) | 37 |
| Mallory-Weiss syndrome | /90 | 86 (3.9) |
| Delayed bleeding/sloughing scab 3 | /23 | 22 (1) |
| Dieulafoy’s lesion | /21 | 21 (1) |
| Others | /336 | 196 (8.9) |
| Esophageal foreign body | 1 (0.3) | 1 |
| Esophagus | 34 (10.1) | 16 |
| Gastric | 196 (58.3) | 127 |
| Duodenal | 105 (31.3) | 52 |
| Missing data | 14 (0.5) | |
| Total | 2205 (100) | |
| Normal endoscopy | 250/2455 | – |
Values are expressed as number (percentages) of available data.
1
Patients could have multiple lesions.
2
According to the treating physician’s opinion.
3
Sloughing scab, defined as dead tissue detaching from a lesion, corresponds to an ulceration bleeding after band ligation or polypectomy.