Table 1.
General clinical information of participants in different groups.
| Participant characteristics | HTC (n = 8) | HTN (n = 34) | HHC (n = 14) | HHN (n = 35) | LHC (n = 14) | LHN (n = 35) | p | F/K |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57.6 ± 9.7 | 52.4 ± 6.5 | 58.4 ± 12.1 | 51.5 ± 7.3 | 54.9 ± 8.3 | 53.0 ± 6.8 | 0.053 | 2.251 |
| Sex, male/% | 5 / 62.5% | 23 / 67.6% | 10 / 62.5% | 20 / 57.7% | 10 / 71.4% | 21 / 60.0% | 0.909 | 1.532 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 1.9 | 23.7 ± 4.5 | 23.9 ± 1.2 | 23.5 ± 1.1 | 25.1 ± 2.1 | 24.0 ± 2.1 | 0.488 | 0.893 |
| Smoking, n/% | 1 / 12.5% | 8 / 23.5% | 8 / 57.1% | 7 / 20.0% | 5 / 35.7% | 10 / 28.6% | 0.121 | 8.723 |
| SBP, mmHg | 121.0 ± 12.1 | 119.2 ± 4.4 | 121.2 ± 6.3 | 118.0 ± 4.1 | 124.9 ± 14.2 | 120.3 ± 8.4 | 0.114 | 1.861 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75.1 ± 5.8 | 76.5 ± 6.3 | 78.6 ± 5.4 | 78.6 ± 3.6 | 75.6 ± 7.8 | 76.3 ± 7.5 | 0.367 | 1.093 |
| TC, mmol/L | 3.89 ± 0.88 | 4.23 ± 1.04 | 3.34 ± 0.49 | 4.36 ± 1.14 | 3.30 ± 0.89 | 4.13 ± 0.64 | 0.001 | 4.732 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.92 ± 0.66 | 1.52 ± 0.73 | 1.58 ± 0.57 | 1.71 ± 0.97 | 1.54 ± 0.68 | 1.29 ± 0.53 | 0.161 | 1.613 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.10 ± 0.94 | 2.82 ± 0.94 | 1.97 ± 0.56 | 2.67 ± 0.87 | 1.84 ± 0.79 | 2.30 ± 0.80 | 0.001 | 4.658 |
| ALT (U/I) | 26.00 ± 7.80 | 25.79 ± 7.21 | 26.43 ± 7.23 | 28.14 ± 8.93 | 26.07 ± 8.77 | 27.06 ± 9.39 | 0.322 | 0.899 |
| AST (U/I) | 23.63 ± 5.40 | 24.12 ± 6.99 | 24.21 ± 6.70 | 24.11 ± 7.39 | 25.86 ± 9.25 | 24.40 ± 6.65 | 0.156 | 0.978 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 4.35 ± 1.53 | 3.90 ± 0.97 | 4.53 ± 1.51 | 4.27 ± 1.12 | 4.28 ± 1.30 | 4.00 ± 1.17 | 0.841 | 0.523 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 68.13 ± 11.22 | 70.15 ± 13.34 | 69.29 ± 13.62 | 70.23 ± 10.93 | 70.21 ± 10.24 | 67.29 ± 10.66 | 0.318 | 0.901 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.37 ± 0.62 | 4.41 ± 0.68 | 4.57 ± 0.81 | 4.48 ± 0.67 | 4.66 ± 0.51 | 4.62 ± 0.61 | 0.611 | 0.692 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 1.366 | 0.241 |
| Cardiac function and geometry | ||||||||
| LA(mm) | 34.4 ± 1.4 | 33.7 ± 3.2 | 33.3 ± 3.0 | 33.2 ± 3.1 | 35.9 ± 4.1 | 34.1 ± 3.4 | 1.575 | 0.171 |
| LVEDD(mm) | 45.1 ± 2.8 | 46.1 ± 5.0 | 46.4 ± 5.0 | 45.9 ± 4.3 | 46.6 ± 5.3 | 46.7 ± 5.0 | 0.202 | 0.961 |
| IVS (mm) | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 7.3 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 1.117 | 0.354 |
| RA(mm) | 35.0 ± 3.5 | 34.2 ± 3.4 | 33.6 ± 3.6 | 34.5 ± 3.9 | 34.1 ± 2.9 | 34.4 ± 2.8 | 0.227 | 0.950 |
| RV(mm) | 22.9 ± 2.2 | 25.4 ± 4.5 | 23.1 ± 2.9 | 24.2 ± 3.8 | 25.0 ± 4.2 | 25.9 ± 4.6 | 1.616 | 0.160 |
| EF(%) | 59.3 ± 0.7 | 61.4 ± 5.9 | 63.1 ± 9.6 | 60.6 ± 5.7 | 61.8 ± 5.9 | 61.1 ± 5.1 | 0.570 | 0.723 |
| No. of stenosed vessels | ||||||||
| Single-vessel, n / % | 4 / 50.0% | 6 / 42.9% | 8 / 57.1% | NA | NA | NA | 2.087 | 0.352 |
| Double-vessel, n / % | 1 / 12.5% | 3 / 21.4% | 4 / 28.6% | NA | NA | NA | 0.769 | 0.681 |
| Triple-vessel, n / % | 3 / 37.5% | 5 / 35.7% | 2 / 14.3% | NA | NA | NA | 0.488 | 0.893 |
| Time since last chest pain (h) | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | NA | NA | NA | 0.381 | 0.686 |
For normally distributed measurement data and categorical variables, values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and number / the percentage (n / %), respectively. P and F / K values are shown in the right column of the table, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
CAD coronary artery disease, QTP Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, HTC the Tibetan CAD patients residing at QTP, HTN the Tibetan healthy individuals residing at QTP, HHC the Han CAD patients residing at QTP, HHN the Han healthy individuals residing at QTP, LHC the Han CAD patients from sea level in southern China, LHN the Han healthy individuals from sea level in southern China, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BUN urea nitrogen, CRP c-reactive protein, LA left atrium diameter, RA right atrium diameter, IVS interventricular septal thickness, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, RV right ventricle diameter, EF% ejection fraction, NA not available.