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. 2021 Sep 16;11:18430. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97855-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Diagram of study protocol. After installation of flow probes and catheters, all animals were allowed 1 h of stabilization. Within 30 min after stabilization blood and CSF were collected (T1) and this was considered the baseline condition. Sepsis was induced by autologous fecal solution followed by 8 h of observation without treatment. Then resuscitation started and was maintained for approximately 76 h. Blood and CSF samples were collected approximately 30 min before resuscitation (T2) when sepsis had developed, and approximately 24, 48 and 74 h (T3, T4 and T5) after resuscitation started, for a total of five time points.