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. 2021 Sep 16;12:5473. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25383-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Postoperative in vivo S. aureus bioluminescence signal (mean maximum flux [photons/sec/cm²/sr] (logarithmic scale, n = 15 for no coatings group, n = 14 for PEG-PAM only group, n = 14 for PEG-PAM-Vanc group). b Representative in vivo S. aureus bioluminescence on a color scale overlaid on grayscale images of mice (c) Quantification of colony-forming units (CFUs) cultured from surrounding tissue and implant (n = 5 for no coating group, PEG-PAM group, and PEG-PAM + Vanc group). d Representative radiographs from the no coatings, PEG-PAM, PEG-PAM + Vanc groups of POD 0 and 21. e Postoperative in vivo S. aureus bioluminescence signals with 1.0 × 10⁶ CFUs loadings of bacterial challenge with PEG-PAM/Vanc coating, n = 4 for the control group, n = 6 for PEG-PAM/Vanc group for the bioluminescence measurement, n = 4 for the control group, n = 4 for PEG-PAM/Vanc group in 1.0 × 10⁶ loading group in CFU counting experiment. f Postoperative in vivo S. aureus bioluminescence signal comparison of PEG-PAM/Vanc coating, IV injection/ancef, IV injection/ancef with PEG-PAM/Vanc and control groups. (n = 8 for control group, n = 6 for PEG-PAM/Vanc group, n = 6 for IV-ancef group, n = 6 for IV-ancef + PEG-PAM/Vanc group). Statistics in (a, e, and f) are a two-way-repeated measure-ANOVA with multiple comparisons post-test. The significance between treatment groups was ****p < 0.0001 For (a), was ***p = 0.003 for (e), and ***p = 0.0004 for (g). Statistics in (c and f) are not significant using an ordinary one-way ANOVA and t-test respectively. Data is plotted showing the Mean and Standard Deviation for bar plots and Standard Error of the Mean for time longitudinal plots.