Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and demographics according to sarcopenia.
| No sarcopenia (n = 641, 71.9%) | Sarcopenia (n = 251, 28.1%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 377 (58.8) | 146 (58.2) | 0.860 |
| Age, years | 61 (51, 72) | 77 (68, 82) | < 0.001 |
| ≤ 40 | 55 (8.6) | 5 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
| 41–50 | 97 (15.1) | 9 (3.6) | |
| 51–60 | 164 (25.6) | 23 (9.2) | |
| 61–70 | 139 (21.7) | 37 (14.7) | |
| ≥ 71 | 186 (29.0) | 177 (70.5) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 234 (42.7) | 120 (59.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 395 (72.1) | 166 (81.0) | 0.013 |
| Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 | 25.7 (23.5, 28.2) | 24.7 (22.2, 27.3) | < 0.001 |
| BMI < 18.5 | 8 (1.2) | 7 (2.8) | 0.002 |
| 18.5 ≤ BMI < 23.0 | 119 (18.6) | 73 (29.1) | |
| 23.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0 | 145 (22.6) | 51 (20.3) | |
| 25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 | 269 (42.0) | 94 (37.5) | |
| BMI ≥ 30.0 | 100 (15.6) | 26 (10.4) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 132 (121, 145) | 136 (124, 154) | 0.017 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75 (67, 84) | 72 (65, 80) | 0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | 57 (46, 69) | 65 (52, 77) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 (11.2, 13.9) | 11.4 (10.5, 12.6) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 160 (138, 194) | 152 (134, 182) | 0.010 |
| Total protein, g/dL | 7.1 (6.6, 7.4) | 6.9 (6.4, 7.3) | 0.001 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 4.2 (3.9, 4.5) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.3) | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.9 (4.8, 7.2) | 5.7 (4.3, 7.1) | 0.232 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 22.2 (16.6, 35.0) | 28.2 (18.8, 38.2) | 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (sCr), mg/dL | 1.39 (0.92, 2.15) | 1.69 (1.11, 2.50) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium (Na), mmol/L | 140 (138, 141) | 139 (137, 141) | 0.348 |
| Potassium (K), mmol/L | 4.5 (4.2, 4.8) | 4.6 (4.2, 5.0) | 0.111 |
| Calcium (Ca), mg/dL | 9.3 (8.8, 9.7) | 9.2 (8.8, 9.5) | 0.016 |
| Phosphorus (P), mg/dL | 3.7 (3.3, 4.1) | 3.6 (3.2, 4.1) | 0.204 |
| Total CO2, mmol/L | 26 (23, 28) | 24 (22, 26) | < 0.001 |
| Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 49.8 (27.7, 79.2) | 34.3 (20.6, 59.8) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR ≥ 60 | 258 (40.2) | 62 (24.7) | < 0.001 |
| 45 ≤ eGFR < 60 | 98 (15.3) | 23 (9.2) | |
| 30 ≤ eGFR < 45 | 110 (17.2) | 64 (25.5) | |
| 15 ≤ eGFR < 30 | 107 (16.7) | 65 (25.9) | |
| eGFR < 15 | 68 (10.6) | 37 (14.7) | |
| Urine protein/Cr ratio, mg/mgCr | 0.23 (0.08, 1.03) | 0.22 (0.11, 1.10) | 0.150 |
| uPCr < 1.0 | 421 (74.1) | 158 (72.5) | 0.260 |
| 1.0 ≤ uPCr < 3.0 | 100 (17.6) | 34 (15.6) | |
| uPCr ≥ 3.0 | 47 (8.3) | 26 (11.9) | |
| Lean tissue index (LTI), kg/m2 | 15.5 (13.4, 17.7) | 11.4 (10.0, 12.9) | < 0.001 |
| Male (n = 523) | 17.1 (15.4, 18.8) | 12.7 (11.4, 13.6) | |
| Female (n = 369) | 13.2 (12.2, 14.6) | 10.2 (9.2, 11.1) | |
| Fat tissue index (FTI), kg/m2 | 9.4 (7.0, 12.0) | 12.2 (9.5, 15.2) | < 0.001 |
| Male (n = 523) | 8.2 (6.1, 10.7) | 11.0 (8.7, 13.3) | |
| Female (n = 369) | 11.0 (8.9, 14.0) | 14.0 (11.3, 18.2) | |
| Handgrip strength (HGS), kg | 27.9 (20.1, 35.5) | 15.0 (11.7, 21.2) | < 0.001 |
| Male (n = 523) | 32.9 (27.9, 40.0) | 20.1 (12.8, 24.2) | |
| Female (n = 369) | 20.3 (17.1, 25.0) | 13.7 (10.6, 15.1) | |
| Overhydration index, L | 0.7 (− 0.1, 1.7) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.6) | < 0.001 |
| Total body water, L | 36.7 (30.8, 41.8) | 29.3 (25.0, 33.9) | < 0.001 |
| Extracellular water, L | 16.7 (14.3, 19.0) | 14.7 (12.6, 17.1) | < 0.001 |
| Intracellular water, L | 19.5 (16.4, 22.8) | 14.6 (12.1, 17.0) | < 0.001 |
The data are expressed as proportion (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR).
GFR, glomerular filtration rate; uPCr, urine protein/Cr ratio.