Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident MCI according to baseline depressive symptoms, and stratified by age (under 70 and 70 and over) and gender.
| Normal cognition N (%) | MCI N (%) | HR (95 CI%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | |||
| Non-SDSs | 10,066 (78.16) | 910 (67.31) | 1.00 |
| SDSs | 2,813 (21.84) | 442 (32.69) | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) |
| Age (years) | |||
| <70 | |||
| Non-SDSs | 5,933 (80.36) | 413 (71.33) | 1.00 |
| SDSs | 1,450 (19.64) | 166 (28.67) | 1.21 (0.98–1.49) |
| ≥70 | |||
| Non-SDSs | 4,133 (75.20) | 497 (64.29) | 1.00 |
| SDSs | 1,363 (24.80) | 276 (35.71) | 1.35 (1.14–1.61) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | |||
| Non-SDSs | 5,060 (86.17) | 457 (79.90) | 1.00 |
| SDSs | 812 (13.83) | 115 (20.10) | 1.21 (0.96–1.52) |
| Female | |||
| Non-SDSs | 5,006 (71.44) | 453 (58.08) | 1.00 |
| SDSs | 2,001 (28.56) | 327 (41.92) | 1.28 (1.08–1.51) |
Bold values indicate a significance level of p < 0.05.
HRs were obtained from Cox Proportional Hazards model adjusted for age, gender, country, marital status and living arrangement, educational attainment, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI, the number of chronic diseases, history of affective or emotional disorders and anti-anxiety or depression medication.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratio; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; SDSs, significant depressive symptoms.