Fig. 4. Co-occurrence networks of 16 and 18S rDNAs, their biodiversity and biogeographical mapping of the node-specific abundance for each taxonomic network across all stations from pole to pole.

On the log10 transformed abundances of 18S rDNA species level and 16S rDNA genus level, two networks were found: A cold (n = 51) and warm (n = 70). A list of species names and class names of the species can be found in the Supplementary Table 2. B Co-occurrence analysis of 18S rDNA species level and 16S rDNA genus level, two networks were found, a turquoise (cold) and blue (warm). Correlation heatmap between the networks and environmental parameters. The colours correspond to the correlation values, red is positively correlated and blue is negatively correlated. The values in each of the squares correspond to the assigned Pearson correlation coefficient value on top and p-value in brackets below. C Taxa biogeography of cold 16/18S co-occurrence network. D Taxa biogeography of warm 16/18S co-occurrence network. Abundance is given in percentage contribution to the total sequence pool per site with increasing contribution from small to large circles and from blue to red.