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. 2021 Sep 3;12:713575. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.713575

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Copyright © 2021 Chen, Brito, Luo, Shi, Chang, Liu, Guo and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Quantile–quantile plots of the genome-wide association studies for genetic effect of service sire on reproductive traits (A–E). The x-axis and the y-axis represent the expected and observed −log₁₀(P−value), respectively. (A) Conception rate—the λ value is 1.06. (B) 56-day non-return rate—the λ value is 1.15. (C) Calving ease—the λ value is 0.96. (D) Stillbirth—the λ value is 0.95. (E) Gestation length—the λ value is 0.99.