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. 2021 Sep 3;15:693095. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.693095

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Copyright © 2021 Malchow, Tchernookova, Choi, Smith, Kramer and Kreitzer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Extracellular ATP induces a significant increase in extracellular H⁺ flux from isolated Müller cells. From Tchernookova et al. (2018). (A) An example of an isolated Müller cell with a self-referencing H⁺-selective microelectrode positioned next to the apical end of the cell. Scale bar: 20 μm; double-headed arrow depicts the direction of electrode movement as it alternately records the potential established by protons adjacent to the cell and 30 μm away. (B) Response from a single isolated Müller cell to 100 μM ATP. The top bar represents the duration of drug application. Asterisk represents a background control reading taken 200 μm above the cell. (C) Mean data from eight trials in response to various extracellular ATP concentrations: error bars represent standard errors of the mean. The double asterisks indicate statistical P-values of 0.01 or less.