Table 4.

Methods of fortification of HM.

Method	Definition
Standard Fortification	Addition of fixed doses of commercial human milk fortifiers (HMF) to HM to reach an assumed macronutrient composition
Individualized Fortification	Fortification of HM that is tailored to an individual clinical scenario to improve growth and better meet nutrition requirements (19). Adjustable and targeted fortification are both individualized fortification methods.
Adjustable Fortification	Protein intake is adjusted based on the infant's metabolic response as assessed by BUN levels to improve growth and better meet protein requirements (20). Protein modulars are used in conjunction with HMF in this approach.
Targeted Fortification	Human milk analysis is used to guide fortification practices utilizing HMF and macronutrient modulars to improve growth and better meet energy and macronutrient requirements (21, 22).
Adapted Protein Supplementation	The novel method of individualized fortification that supplements protein based on calculated HM protein values obtained from a validated equation (23).