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. 2021 Sep 3;15:683127. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.683127

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Copyright © 2021 Cardoso, Mansur, Lopes-Martins, Gonzalez-Lima and Gomes da Silva.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cortical expression and activation (phosphorylated/total protein) of intracellular signaling pathways in rats from the laser (LSR) and control (CTL) groups. Data are presented as individual points to show dispersion and as mean and standard error of the mean (±SEM). Significant increases in the activation of STAT3, ERK, and JNK were found in the laser group when compared to the control group (*). Data were normalized to the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the control group (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-Test).