Table 2.
Measures pre- versus post-COVID-19 restrictionsa
| Pre-restriction, mean (s.d.) | Post-restriction, mean (s.d.) | Z | P | Direction of change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAD-7 score | 4.5 (4.7) | 6.3 (5.5) | −8.2 | <0.0001 | Increased |
| PHQ-9 score | 3.7 (4.3)) | 6.6 (5.8) | −11.2 | <0.0001 | Increased |
| AUDIT score | 8.6 (5.3) | 6.7 (5.6) | −7.8 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
| Consumption frequency score | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.7 (1.12) | −1.9 | 0.053 | Decreased |
| Number of drinks score | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.9) | −3.7 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
| Binge frequency score | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.2) | −6.3 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
| Hangover frequency | 2.7 (1.8) | 2.4 (2.2) | −3.6 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
| Hangover sensitivity | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.2) | −5.9 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
| DMQ: social | 14.7 (5.2) | 10.2 (5.2) | −13.1 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
| DMQ: coping | 9.0 (3.8) | 9.2 (4.6) | −0.2 | 0.875 | Increased |
| DMQ: enhancement | 13.2 (5.0) | 12.2 (5.3) | −4.8 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
| DMQ: conformity | 7.3 (3.0) | 6.1 (2.6) | −8.6 | <0.0001 | Decreased |
GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorder Test (AUDIT); DMQ, Drinking Motives Questionnaire.
a. Comparisons between individual scores analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistics.