FIGURE 1.
Chronic treatment with curcumin inhibited B16-F10 melanoma cell-induced bone cancer pain behavior in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Schematic of experiment (A). Mice were injected with B16-F10 melanoma cells (1 × 105, 5 μl) and then treated with curcumin (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg, i.p.) twice daily for 11 days starting at 24 h after tumor injection. The withdrawal threshold before the injection was measured on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th day (B) and after the injection was measured on the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th day (C). Data are shown as means ± SEM, n = 7 per group. * P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with the vehicle group, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test.