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. 2021 Sep 3;12:715985. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715985

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Copyright © 2021 Halstead-Nussloch, Tanaka, Copetti, Paape, Kobayashi, Hatakeyama, Kanamori, Wu, Mascher, Kawaura, Shimizu and Handa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic relationship of α-gliadin copies in 11 wheat accessions, including spelt. The 429 α-gliadin copies showed clustering based on subgenome assignment. The evolutionary tree is largely divided into three clades. Each subclade is indicated by the arcs and colored according to the corresponding Gli-2 loci. Numbers at branch splits are bootstrap percentages. Copies assigned to loci to which they do not cluster are indicated by arrows: Gli-B2-3 in Jagger are in blue, and Gli-D2 in CS and LongReach Lancer are in orange. Spelt copies are highlighted in light purple. The red curve in clade 3 highlights the seven sequences containing the immunotoxic 33-mer.