TABLE 1.
Demographic information.
| Demographic characteristics | HC |
MCI |
AD |
F-value/X2 | Sig |
| N = 88 | N = 77 | N = 22 | |||
| Age | 77.40 ± 6.13 | 77.13 ± 8.14 | 80.70 ± 7.83 | 2.21 | 0.11 |
| Gender (F/M) | 42/46 | 32/45 | 9/13 | 0.76 | 0.69 |
| Education | 16.42 ± 2.68 | 15.94 ± 2.95 | 15.50 ± 2.86 | 1.20 | 0.30 |
| APOE 4 | 3/88 | 30/77 | 12/22 | 41.08 | <0.001ab |
| GDS | 0.88 ± 1.11 | 1.43 ± 1.20 | 2.36 ± 1.65 | 14.11 | <0.001abc |
| PHS | −0.29 ± 0.29 | 0.26 ± 0.82 | 0.46 ± 0.62 | 23.91 | <0.001ab |
| Cognitive scores | |||||
| MMSE | 29.05 ± 1.10 | 28.22 ± 1.67 | 19.41 ± 5.22 | 174.95 | <0.001abc |
| CDR global | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.50 ± 0.00 | 1.11 ± 0.55 | 360.12 | <0.001abc |
| CDR sum | 0.05 ± 0.15 | 1.48 ± 0.96 | 6.27 ± 3.05 | 235.63 | <0.001abc |
| ADNI_MEM | 1.10 ± 0.63(87/88) | 0.34 ± 0.53(77/77) | −0.88 ± 0.70(22/22) | 103.78 | <0.001abc |
| ADNI_EF | 1.05 ± 0.81(87/88) | 0.49 ± 0.88(76/77) | −0.94 ± 0.99(20/22) | 44.63 | <0.001abc |
| ADNI_LAN | 0.95 ± 0.65(88/88) | 0.42 ± 0.80(77/77) | −0.89 ± 1.23(22/22) | 47.16 | <0.001abc |
| ADNI_VS | 0.18 ± 0.66(88/88) | −0.02 ± 0.78(77/77) | −0.88 ± 1.13(22/22) | 16.33 | <0.001bc |
HC, healthy control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; APOE, apolipoprotein; GDS, geriatric depression scale; PHS, polygenic hazard score; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR, clinical dementia rating; ADNI-MEM, the composite scores for memory in ADNI; ADNI-EF, the composite scores for executive function in ADNI; ADNI-LAN, the composite scores for language in ADNI; ADNI-VS, the composite scores for visuospatial function in ADNI. a–c, post hoc analysis further revealed the source of ANOVA difference (aHC vs. MCI; bHC vs. AD; cMCI vs. AD) (p < 0.05, significant difference between groups). Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. There are some missing values in multiple composite cognitive scores. We thus listed the proportions. Notably, no missing values in other demographic information.