Fig. 2. Effect of hesperetin on cytokine release in LPS-treated THP-1 macrophages under hyperglycemic conditions. Cytokine levels in cell culture media were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits according to the manufacturer's instructions (A, B). Values were calculated based on the assay's standard curve. IL-6 levels were evaluated by western blot analysis (C). The data are representative of at least three independent experiments.

IL-6, interleukin-6; NG, normoglycemic 5.5 mM/L glucose; HG, hyperglycemic 25 mM/L glucose; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; H0, LPS + hyperglycemic + hesperetin 0 μM.

^##P < 0.01 compared with NG; ^**P < 0.01 compared with H0.