Table 1.
PV neuron alterations in the prefrontal cortex of stressed animals.
| Species | Age during manipulation | Age at measurement | Sex | Experimental Paradigm | Brain Region | Method | Measure | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂ | RS 6h/day 21 days | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number; PV cellular intensity | no change | [27] Clarke et al. (2019) |
| Rat (Wistar) | Adolescent-adult | Adult | ♂ | CMS 9 weeks | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | no change | [33] Czeh et al. (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adult | Adult | ♂ | RS 1h/day for 14 days; sacrifice immediately or 1 month later | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | no change | [46] Friedman et al. (2017) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂ | MS 4h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased | [49] Ganguly et al. (2015) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Juvenile; adolescent; adult | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day; 0, 20, or 50 days rest | Prelimbic cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PV+/PNN + cell density; PV cell density; PV + PNN intensity; PNN + PV intensity; PV intensity | increased PV + PNN intensity at P70 in males; no change in others | [52] Gildawie et al. (2019) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal-adolescent | Adult | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day; SI or pair housing from P21–P35 | Prelimbic cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell number; PV intensity; PNN number; PNN intensity; PV+/PNN + cell number; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PNN + PV intensity; PV + PNN intensity | PV cell number and PNN + fraction of PV cells reduced in females by MS + SI compared to SI alone; PNN intensity reduced by MS + SI in females compared to MS or SI alone; PV + PNN intensity reduced by MS + SI in females compared to MS alone | [53] Gildawie et al. (2021) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | decreased in males, no change in females | [60] Grassi-Oliveira et al. (2016) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Juvenile | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Npas4 HET and wild-type mice | – | Adult | ♂ | Maternal RS (GD7-19) 30 min twice per day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number; total PV+/c-Fos + cell number; average NR1 puncta per PV cell | no change | [67] Heslin and Coutellier (2018) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent; adult | ♂ | MS 4h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased at P40, no change at P100 | [93] Leussis et al. (2012) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Early postnatal | Early postnatal; juvenile; adolescent; adult | ♂♀ | LB/LN 7 days | Prelimbic Cortex | IHC | PV cell density | increased in adults | [118] Nieves et al. (2020) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adult | ♂ | MS 2 × 3h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [126] Ohta et al. (2020) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent; adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 2 weeks; 6 or 40 days rest before sacrifice | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | decreased in males | [130] Page and Coutellier (2018a) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 4 weeks | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | increased | [155] Shepard et al. (2016) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Juvenile | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day 19 days | Prelimbic Cortex | IHC | 8-oxo-dG + fraction of PV cells; PV + cell 8-oxo-dG intensity; PV cell number; PV intensity | increased 8-oxo-dG + fraction; PV intensity higher in females than males | [157] Soares et al. (2020) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Juvenile-adolescent | Adolescent | ♂ | SI 5 weeks | Prelimbic cortex layers 2/3 and L5/6 | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV fluorescence intensity; PV soma area | decreased PV soma area | [170] Ueno et al. (2017) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Juvenile; adult | Adolescent; adult | ♂ | CUS 7 days | Prelimbic cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV + fraction of PNNs; PV fluorescence; PV soma area | no change | [171] Ueno et al. (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent-adult | Adult | ♂ | CSIS 7 weeks. After stress, mice housed individually for 1 year | Prelimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased | [179] Wang et al. (2019) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Juvenile | ♂ | MS 4h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC; Western blot | PV cell density; PV protein content | no change | [19] Brenhouse and Andersen (2011) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂ | MS 4h/day | Prelimbic cortex | IHC; Western blot | PV cell density; PV protein content | decreased protein and density | [19] Brenhouse and Andersen (2011) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day | Prelimbic cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | decreased in males | [35] do Prado et al. (2015) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent; adult | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day | Prelimbic cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | decreased at P40, no change at P100 | [93] Leussis et al. (2012) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | RS 3h/day for 10 days | Prelimbic cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | no change | [112] Moench et al. (2020) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | Acute elevated platform stress | Prelimbic cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | no change | [112] Moench et al. (2020) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | RS 3h/day for 10 days; elevated platform stress on day 11 | Prelimbic cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | no change | [112] Moench et al. (2020) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | RS 3h/day for 10 days; 7 days rest | Prelimbic cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | increased | [112] Moench et al. (2020) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | RS 3h/day for 10 days; elevated platform stress on day 17 | Prelimbic cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | increased in males | [112] Moench et al. (2020) |
| PV-Cre Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂ | LH 1h for 2 days; mice classified as helpless or resilient | Prelimbic cortex | Electrophysiology | mEPSC and mIPSC amplitude and frequency onto PV cells | decreased mEPSC amplitude in helpless, no change in others | [137] Perova et al. (2015) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂ | RS 6h/day 3 weeks | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number; PV cellular intensity | no change | [27] Clarke et al. (2019) |
| Rat (Wistar) | Adolescent-adult | Adult | ♂ | CMS 9 weeks | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | decreased in anhedonic but not resilient rats | [33] Czeh et al. (2018) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂ | MS 4h/day | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased | [49] Ganguly et al. (2015) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Juvenile; adolescent; adult | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day; 0, 20, or 50 days rest | Infralimbic cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PV+/PNN + cell density; PV cell density; PV + PNN intensity; PNN + PV intensity; PV intensity | no change | [52] Gildawie et al. (2019) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal-adolescent | Adult | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day; SI or pair housing from P21–P35 | Infralimbic cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell number; PV intensity; PNN number; PNN intensity; PV+/PNN + cell number; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PNN + PV intensity; PV + PNN intensity | PNN intensity and PV + PNN intensity reduced in females by MS + SI compared to MS or SI alone | [53] Gildawie et al. (2021) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | decreased in males | [60] Grassi-Oliveira et al. (2016) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Juvenile | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Npas4 HET and wild-type mice | – | Adult | ♂ | Maternal RS (GD7-19) 30 min twice per day | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number; total PV+/c-Fos + cell number; average NR1 puncta per PV cell | decreased PV cell number and PV+/c-Fos + cell number in heterozygotes vs wild type; no change due to stress | [67] Heslin and Coutellier (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Early postnatal | Early postnatal; juvenile; adolescent; adult | ♂♀ | LB/LN 7 days | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [118] Nieves et al. (2020) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adolescent-adult | Adult | ♂ | CVS 14 days | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | PV+/Glucocorticoid receptor + number | decreased | [105] McKlveen et al. (2016) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adult | ♂ | MS 2 × 3h/day | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased | [126] Ohta et al. (2020) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent; adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 2 weeks; 6 or 40 days rest before sacrifice | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | no change | [130] Page and Coutellier (2018a) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 4 weeks | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | increased in females | [155] Shepard et al. (2016) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Juvenile | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day 19 days | Infralimbic Cortex | IHC | 8-oxo-dG + fraction of PV cells; PV + cell 8-oxo-dG intensity; PV cell number; PV intensity | no change | [159] Soares et al. (2020) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Juvenile-adolescent | Adolescent | ♂ | SI 5 weeks | Infralimbic cortex layers 2/3 and L5/6 | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV fluorescence intensity; PV soma area | no change | [170] Ueno et al. (2017) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Juvenile; adult | Adolescent; adult | ♂ | CUS 7 days starting at P21 or P71 | Infralimbic cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV + fraction of PNNs; PV fluorescence; PV soma area | no change | [171] Ueno et al. (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent-adult | Adult | ♂ | CSIS 7 weeks. After stress, mice housed individually for 1 year | Infralimbic cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased | [179] Wang et al. (2019) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day | Infralimbic cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | decreased in males | [35] do Prado et al. (2015) |
| Rat (Wistar) | Adolescent-adult | Adult | ♂ | CMS 9 weeks | Anterior Cingulate cortex | IHC | Total PV cell number | no change | [33] Czeh et al. (2018) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Juvenile | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Anterior Cingulate cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Anterior Cingulate cortex | IHC | PV cell density | increased | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Juvenile-adolescent | Adolescent | ♂ | SI 5 weeks | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate cortex layers 2/3 and L5/6 | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV fluorescence intensity; PV soma area | decreased layer 2/3 PNN + fraction of PV cells and PV fluorescence intensity | [170] Ueno et al. (2017) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Juvenile; adult | Adolescent, adult | ♂ | CUS 7 days starting at P21 or P71 | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV + fraction of PNNs; PV fluorescence; PV soma area | no change | [171] Ueno et al. (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent-adult | Adult | ♂ | CSIS 7 weeks. After stress, mice housed individually for 1 year | Anterior Cingulate cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased | [179] Wang et al. (2019) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Juvenile | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Precentral Medial cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Degu | Early postnatal | Adolescent | ♂ | MS 3 × 1h/day | Precentral Medial cortex | IHC | PV cell density | increased | [66] Helmeke et al. (2008) |
| Mouse (C57/Bl6) | Juvenile-adolescent | Adult | ♂ | SI P21-35, group housing until measurement at P60-65 | Dorsomedial PFC (including prelimbic and anterior cingulate regions) | Electrophysiology | 200 pA-elicited spike frequency; sIPSC frequency | reduced (both) | [12] Bicks et al., [2020] |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 4 weeks | Medial Prefrontal cortex | IHC | Total PV+/c-Fos + cell number | increased | [133] Page et al. (2019b) |
| Npas4 HET and wild-type mice | Adolescent | Adult | ♂ | CMS 2 weeks; 4 weeks rest | Medial Prefrontal cortex | IHC and WFA stain | Total PV cell number; PNN + fraction of PV cells | increased PNN + fraction in wild-type mice | [131] Page et al., 2018b |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adult | Adult | ♂ | RS 6h/day for 10 days | Medial Prefrontal cortex | IHC and WFA stain | Total PV cell number; Total PNN+/PV + cell number | increased total PV cell number | [138] Pesarico et al., 2019 |
| GAD67(+/GFP) (HET) mice | – | Juvenile | ♂ | Maternal RS: 45 min 3x/day from GD15 to GD17.5; BrdU injection IP once at GD12 or GD15 | Medial Prefrontal Cortex | IHC | PV+/GFP + cell density | decreased | [169] Uchida et al. (2014) |
| GAD67(+/GFP) (HET) mice (C57/BL6) | – | Juvenile | ♂ | Maternal RS: 3x45mins/day under halogen light during day from GD15-GD17.5; newborns given to surrogate mothers on P0 | Medial Prefrontal cortex | IHC and WFA stain | Densities of PV cells, PNN + PV cells, PNN- PV cells, Aggrecan+/PV + cells, Aggrecan- PV cells; WFA intensity of PV cells; Aggrecan intensity of PV cells | Decreased densities; no change in intensities | [180] Wang et al. (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | – | Juvenile | ♂ | Maternal RS: 3x45mins/day under halogen light during day from GD15-GD17.5; newborns given to surrogate mothers on P0 | Medial Prefrontal cortex | IHC and WFA stain | Densities of PV cells, PNN + PV cells, PNN- PV cells, Aggrecan+/PV + cells, Aggrecan- PV cells; WFA intensity of PV cells; Aggrecan intensity of PV cells | no change | [180] Wang et al. (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Early postnatal | Adult | ♂♀ | LB/LN | Medial Prefrontal cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | no change | [59] Goodwill et al. (2018) |
| GAD67(+/GFP) (HET) mice (CD1) | – | Juvenile, adult | ♂ | Maternal RS: beginning on GD12, 45 min 3x/day during daylight under bright lights | Medial Prefrontal Cortex | IHC | PV + fraction of GAD67:GFP + cells | decreased at P24, increased at P150 | [100] Lussier and Stevens (2016) |
| GAD67(+/GFP) (HET) mice (CD1) | – | Juvenile, adult | ♂ | Maternal RS: beginning on GD12, 45 min 3x/day during daylight under bright lights | Medial Prefrontal Cortex | qPCR | PV:GAD1 mRNA ratio | no change at P24, decreased at P150 | [100] Lussier and Stevens (2016) |
| Rat (Wistar) | Adult | Adult | ♂ | CUS 16 days or CMS 8 weeks | Medial Prefrontal cortex | IHC | PV numerical density, relative PV optical density | no change | [187] Zadrozna et al. (2011) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent, adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 2 weeks; 6 or 40 days rest before sacrifice | Medial Prefrontal cortex | IHC and WFA stain | PNN + fraction of PV cells | no change | [131] Page et al., 2018b |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Juvenile | Adult | ♂ | 2 weeks SI | Medial Prefrontal Cortex | Electrophysiology | sIPSC frequency and amplitude on PH and non-PH layer 5 pyramidal neurons | increased frequency in PH pyramidal neurons | [185] Yamamuro et al. (2020) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adult | ♂ | 2 weeks SI | Medial Prefrontal Cortex | Electrophysiology | sIPSC frequency and amplitude on PH and non-PH layer 5 pyramidal neurons | no change | [185] Yamamuro et al. (2020) |
| Rat (Wistar) | Juvenile-adolescent; juvenile-adult | Adolescent, adult | ♂ | SI 2, 4, or 7 weeks | Prefrontal cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased at 4 and 7 weeks' SI but not 2 | [152] Schiavone et al. (2012) |
| Npas4 HET and wild-type mice | Adolescent | Adult | ♂ | CMS 2 weeks; 4 weeks rest | Ventral Prefrontal cortex (infralimbic and dorsal peduncular cortices) | IHC and WFA stain | Total PV cell number; PNN + fraction of PV cells | increased PNN + fraction in wild-type mice | [131] Page et al., 2018b |
| Npas4 HET and wild-type mice | Adolescent | Adult | ♂ | CMS 2 weeks; 4 weeks rest | Dorsal Prefrontal cortex (anterior cingulate and prelimbic cortices) | IHC and WFA stain | Total PV cell number; PNN + fraction of PV cells | no change | [131] Page et al., 2018b |
| Mouse (BALB/c) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 2 weeks | Prefrontal cortex | qPCR; IHC | PV mRNA expression; Total PV cell number; PV+/pERK + cell number; VGlut1 puncta number per PV cell | Increased PV mRNA, PV cell number, and PV+/pERK + cell number in females but not males. Increased VGlut1 puncta/PV cell in males and females | [156] Shepard and Coutellier (2017) |
| Mouse (BALB/c) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 4 weeks | Prefrontal cortex | qPCR; IHC | PV mRNA expression; Total PV cell number; VGlut1 puncta number per PV cell | Increased VGlut1 puncta/PV cell in females | [156] Shepard and Coutellier (2017) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Early postnatal | Early postnatal, juvenile | ♀ | LB/LN | Prefrontal cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | decreased at P21 | [59] Goodwill et al. (2018) |
| Npas4 HET and wild-type mice | – | Adult | ♂♀ | Maternal RS (GD7-19) 30 min 2x/day | Prefrontal cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | increased in heterozygotes vs wild type in males but not females; no change due to stress | [67] Heslin and Coutellier (2018) |
| Rat (Wistar) | Adult | Adult | ♂ | CMS 7 weeks | Prefrontal cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | no change | [145] Rossetti et al. (2018) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adult | Adult | ♂♀ | UCMS 2 or 4 weeks | Prefrontal cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | increased in females but not males | [155] Shepard et al. (2016) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Adult | Adult | ♂ | CUS 36 days | Prefrontal cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | no change | [6] Banasr et al. (2017) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal | Juvenile, adolescent | ♂♀ | MS 4h/day | Prefrontal cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | decreased in female juveniles and male adolescents | [68] Holl et al. (2014) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal; adolescent | Adolescent | ♀ | MS 4h/day; LH task P41 | Prefrontal cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | decreased | [97] Lukkes et al. (2017) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal; adolescent | Adolescent | ♀ | MS 4h/day; LH task P41; allowed to witness another rat in task 1 day before they did it. | Prefrontal cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | no change | [97] Lukkes et al. (2017) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Early postnatal; adolescent | Adolescent | ♀ | MS 4h/day; LH tests P40-41 then sacrifice | Prefrontal cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | decreased in anhedonic MS vs non-anhedonic MS rats | [98] Lukkes et al. (2018) |
| Rat (Sprague-Dawley) | Juvenile-adolescent | Adolescent | ♀ | SI 3 weeks | Prefrontal cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | no change | [98] Lukkes et al. (2018) |
| Ncf1 DA allele rats (low ROS production), and Ncf1 E3 rats (high ROS production) | Juvenile-adult | Adult | ♂ | SI 7 weeks | Prefrontal cortex | Western blot | PV protein content | decreased by SI in E3 but not DA rats | [152] Schiavone et al. (2012) |
| Mouse (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂♀ | RS 6h/day for 2 or 7 days | Frontal Association cortex layers 2/3 | Microscopy | PV cell dendritic spine formation and elimination rate | increased formation and elimination at 2 days | [120] Ng et al. (2018) |
| PV-Cre; Ai9-tdTomato mice (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂♀ | CNO injection then RS 6h/day for 2 or 7 days | Frontal Association cortex layers 2/3 | DREADD activation of PV cells; Microscopy | PV cell dendritic spine formation and elimination rate | decreased elimination at days 2 and 7 | [120] Ng et al. (2018) |
| PV-Cre; Ai9-tdTomato mice (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂♀ | CNO injection then RS 6h/day for 2 or 7 days | Frontal Association cortex layers 2/3 | DREADD inhibition of PV cells; Microscopy | PV cell dendritic spine formation and elimination rate | increased formation at day 2 | [120] Ng et al. (2018) |
| PV-Cre; Ai9-tdTomato mice (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂♀ | CNO injection then RS 6h for 2 or 7 days | Frontal Association cortex layers 2/3 | DREADD activation of PV cells; Microscopy | PV cell dendritic mushroom, stubby, and thin spine elimination rate | decreased mushroom spine elimination at days 2 and 7 vs RS alone | [120] Ng et al. (2018) |
| PV-Cre; Ai9-tdTomato mice (C57/BL6) | Adolescent | Adolescent | ♂♀ | CNO injection then RS 6h for 2 or 7 days | Frontal Association cortex layers 2/3 | DREADD inhibition of PV cells; Microscopy | PV cell dendritic mushroom, stubby, and thin spine elimination rate | no change vs RS alone | [120] Ng et al. (2018) |