Table 5.
PV neuron alterations in postmortem samples from patients having died with mood disorders.
| Sex | Disorder | Brain region | Method | Measure | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5M, 6F | MDD | Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | IHC; WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV + fraction of PNNs | no change | [1] Alcaide et al. (2019) |
| 9M, 6F | MDD | Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [9] Beasley et al. (2002) |
| 4M, 7F | MDD | Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex layers 2-6 | IHC | PV stain intensity | decreased in layer 6, no change in other layers | [79] Khundakar et al. (2010) |
| 22M, 18F | MDD | Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | decreased | [26] Chung et al. (2018) |
| 10M, 9F | MDD | Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | no change | [157] Sibille et al. (2011) |
| 8M, 6F | MDD | Orbitofrontal Cortex, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased in Orbitofrontal Cortex | [141] Rajkowska et al. (2007) |
| 9M, 6F | MDD | Brodmann Area 24 | IHC | PV cell density in different layers; PV cell clustering | no change | [29] Cotter et al. (2002) |
| matched with control | MDD | CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, Entorhinal Cortex, Subiculum | IHC | Total PV cell number; PV cell density | no change | [82] Knable et al. (2004) |
| 9M, 8F | MDD | Tpt Auditory Association Cortex | IHC | PV cell size; PV cell density | no change | [158] Smiley et al. (2016) |
| 9M | DS-CA | Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex | IHC, WFL stain | PNN + fraction of PV cells | increased vs depressed-suicide and controls | [166] Tanti et al. (2020) |
| 26M, 25F | MDD | Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Amygdala | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | decreased in subgenual anterior cingulate | [168] Tripp et al. (2012) |
| 5M, 8F | BD | Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | IHC; WFA stain | PV cell density; PNN + fraction of PV cells; PV + fraction of PNNs | no change | [1] Alcaide et al. (2019) |
| 9M, 6F | BD | Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [9] Beasley et al. (2002) |
| 1M, 4F | BD | Brodmann Area 9 | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [147] Sakai et al. (2008) |
| 8M, 10F | BD | Brodmann Area 9 layers 2-6 | ISH | Total PV cell number; PV+/NR2A + cell density; NR2A density in PV cells | no change | [13] Bitanihirwe et al. (2010) |
| 22M, 18F | BD | Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | decreased | [26] Chung et al. (2018) |
| 10M, 9F | BD | Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | decreased, but unchanged after exclusion of subject pairs with potential confounding factors | [157] Sibille et al. (2011) |
| 20M/15F | Low GABA marker BD∗ | Brodmann Area 9 grey matter | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | decreased vs controls and non-low GABA marker subjects | [176] Volk et al. (2016) |
| 20M/15F | Non-low GABA marker BD∗ | Brodmann Area 9 grey matter | qPCR | PV mRNA expression | decreased vs controls | [176] Volk et al. (2016) |
| matched with control | BD | Lateral, Basal, Accessory Basal, and Cortical Nuclei of the Amygdala | IHC | PV cell density | 66% decrease in Lateral Nucleus | [11] Berretta et al. (2003) |
| 7M, 4F | BD | Lateral, Basal, Accessory Basal, and Cortical Nuclei of the Amygdala | IHC | PV cell density; Total PV cell number | no change | [135] Pantazopoulos et al. (2010) |
| 9M, 6F | BD | Brodmann Area 24 | IHC | PV cell density in different layers; PV cell clustering | increased clustering | [29] Cotter et al. (2002) |
| matched with control | BD | CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, Entorhinal Cortex, Subiculum | IHC | Total PV cell number; PV cell density | decreased PV cell number in CA2 | [82] Knable et al. (2004) |
| 5M, 9F | BD | CA1, CA2/3, and CA4 | IHC | Total PV cell number | decreased in CA1 and CA4 | [85] Konradi et al. (2011) |
| 6M, 4F | BD | Entorhinal Cortex | IHC | PV soma size; Total PV cell number; PV cell density | decreased PV cell number and density | [134] Pantazopoulos et al. (2007) |
| 4M, 9F | BD | Parasubiculum; Deep Entorhinal Cortex; Total Entorhinal Cortex | IHC | PV cell density | decreased | [178] Wang et al. (2011) |
| 4M, 9F | BD | Superficial Entorhinal Cortex; Subiculum; Pre-subiculum | IHC | PV cell density | no change | [178] Wang et al. (2011) |
| 9M, 6F | BD | Thalamic Reticular Nucleus | IHC | Total PV cell number | decreased | [163] Steullet et al. (2018) |
All studies were conducted with samples from adults, with a mean age ≥35 years. Studies of particular significance are bolded. Abbreviations: BD: bipolar disorder; DS-CA: depressed-suicide + child abuse history; GABA: gamma-amino butyric acid; IHC: immunohistochemistry; ISH: in situ hybridization; MDD: major depressive disorder; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ∗Low GABA marker and non-low GABA marker BD subjects were divided by quantifying GAD67, PV, SST, and Lxh6 mRNA.