Table 1. Patient Demographic and Disease Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) |
|---|---|
| No. of patients | 54 |
| Age | |
| Median (range), y | 59 (40-79) |
| ≥65 y | 15 (28) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 24 (44) |
| Male | 30 (56) |
| Race and ethnicity | |
| Asian | 2 (4) |
| Black | 15 (28) |
| Hispanic | 1 (2) |
| White | 36 (67) |
| US geographical region | |
| Northeast | 20 (37) |
| Southeast | 28 (52) |
| Southwest | 2 (4) |
| West | 4 (7) |
| ECOG PS | |
| 0 | 43 (80) |
| 1 | 11 (20) |
| Isotype | |
| IgG | 41 (76) |
| IgA | 9 (17) |
| Light chain only | 4 (7) |
| Cytogenetic risk group | |
| High riska | 20 (37) |
| Standard risk | 27 (50) |
| Unknown | 7 (13) |
| Myeloma-defining event per IMWG 2014b | 10 (19) |
| High-risk SMM byc | |
| PETHEMA6 | 36 (67) |
| Mayo Clinic 20084 | 8 (15) |
| Mayo Clinic 201819 | 36 (67) |
Abbreviations: ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IMWG, International Myeloma Working Group; PETHEMA, Programa de Estudio y Tratamiento de las Hemopatías Malignas; SMM, smoldering multiple myeloma.
High-risk cytogenetics was defined as del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), and 1q gain.
These patients were enrolled before the updated definition of multiple myeloma, Myeloma-defining events include ≥60% bone marrow plasmacytosis, serum-free light chain ratio ≥100, and/or >1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging.15
High risk is defined by immunoparesis and ≥95% aberrant plasma cells on bone marrow aspirate flow cytometry (PETHEMA), bone marrow plasmacytosis ≥10%, serum monoclonal protein ≥3 g/dL, and a serum-free light chain ratio of ≥8 or ≤0.125 (Mayo Clinic 2008),4 or 2-3 of the following: serum M protein >2 g/dL, involved to uninvolved free light chain ratio >20, or bone marrow plasmacytosis >20%.