TABLE 1.
Immunohistochemical characterisation of ACE2 in the lung and small intestine of companion animals, livestock and wild mammals
| Common name Scientific name (Sample size) | Alveoli | Bronchiole | Small intestine* | In vivo evidence of host susceptibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle Bos Taurus (n = 1) | – | +, bronchiole epithelium | n/a | Experimental, asymptomatic (Falkenberg et al., 2021; Ulrich et al., 2020) |
| Sheep Ovis aries (n = 1) | – | +, bronchiole epithelium | + | – |
| Alpaca Vicugna pacos (n = 1) | – | – | n/a | – |
| Pig Sus scrofa domestica (n = 2) | – | – | + | Experimental, asymptomatic (Schlottau et al., 2020; Vergara‐Alert et al., 2020) |
| Dog Canis lupus familiaris (n = 2) | +, endothelium | – | + | Field and experimental, asymptomatic (Bosco‐Lauth et al., 2020; Sit et al., 2020) |
| Cat Felis catus (n = 5) | +, type I pneumocyte | – | + | Field and experimental, asymptomatic and symptomatic (Barrs et al., 2020; Bosco‐Lauth et al., 2020) |
| Horse Equus caballus (n = 1) | – | – | + | – |
| Ferret Mustela putorious furo (n = 3) | – | – | + | Field and experimental, asymptomatic (Carvallo et al., 2021; Everett et al., 2021; Gortázar et al., 2021; Schlottau et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020) |
| American mink Neovison vison (n = 2) | – | +, bronchiole epithelium | + | Field and experimental, pneumonia (Molenaar et al., 2020; Shuai et al., 2020 ) |
| Golden Syrian hamster Mesocricetus auratus (n = 3) | – | – | + | Experimental, pneumonia (Chan et al., 2020; Gerhards et al., 2021) |
| Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus (n = 1) | +, endothelium | – | n/a | – |
| Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sondaica (n = 1) | +, endothelium | +, bronchiole epithelium | + | Field, cough and wheezing (McAloose et al., 2020) |
| Siberian tiger Panthera tigris altaica (n = 2) | – | +, bronchiole epithelium | + | Field, cough and wheezing (McAloose et al., 2020) |
| Asiatic lion Panthera leo leo (n = 1) | – | +, bronchiole epithelium | + | Field, incidental, no disease reported (O.I.E., 2021) |
| African lion Panthera leo (n = 1) | – | +, bronchiole epithelium and bronchial gland | + | Field, respiratory disease (McAloose et al., 2020) |
| European lynx Lynx lynx (n = 1) | – | – | + | – |
| European badger Meles meles (n = 2) | – | +, bronchiole epithelium | n/a | – |
| Western gorilla Gorilla sp. (n = 1) | – | – | + | Field, cough (Gibbons, 2021) |
| Golden headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas (n = 1) | – | – | + | – |
| Common marmoset Callithrix jaccus (n = 1) | – | – | + | Experimental, only fever, no pneumonia or virus infection of lungs (Lu et al., 2020) |
+Positive; ‐ negative; n/a, not available.
*
Enterocytes unless indicated otherwise.