Table 3.

Potential risk factors for ILICI

Risk factor	Authors	Comment
NASH	Sawada et al. [115]	Among 35 patients with grade 2 or higher ILICI by Cox hazard analysis
HCC	Sangro et al. [104]	May be explained by underlying metastatic liver disease
Statins (4.7-fold) Younger age (2.7-fold to 4.9-fold) vs older age (> 70 years) Male gender (1.6-fold) Acetaminophen (2.1-fold)	Cho et al. [116]	Korean study excluding HCC and elevated AST at baseline
Liver metastases?	Li et al. [117]	Overall, metastatic disease not a risk factor
Rechallenge with combination therapy of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1	Miller et al. [99]	Rate of ILICI in combination therapy of an anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 (9.2%) compared with monotherapy with an anti-CTLA-4 (1.7%) or anti-PD-1 (1.1%)

AST aspartate aminotransferase, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, ILICI immune-mediated liver injury, NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis