Table 1. Catalytic Activities and Product Yields Over 5 mol % Catalysts in the Phenothiazine Formation Reaction in a Mixture of DMSO to Water 1:2, Using 2.5 equiv of Bases at 90 °C.
| initial TOF (1/h) | phenothiazine yield (mol %)a | 2-iodoaniline conversion (mol %)a | phenothiazine selectivity (%)a | dibenzothiophene selectivity (%)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bi2O2CO3 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 12 ± 1.1 | 16 ± 1.3 | 75 ± 1.5 | 25 ± 0.8 |
| CuO | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 0 | 24 ± 2.0 | 0b | 2 ± 0.5 |
| CuO@Bi2O2CO3 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 47 ± 3.2 | 48 ± 2.7 | 98 ± 2.1 | 2 ± 0.3 |
| CuBi2O2CO3 | 10.4 ± 0.5 | 99 ± 1.2 | 100 ± 1.8 | 99 ± 1.7 | 1 ± 0.3 |
a
After 15 h.
b
Only C–S coupling reaction occurred.