TABLE 1.
Demographic variables and baseline self‐reported halitosis measures of the study sample
| Variables | Changes in self‐perceived breath odour | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 3075) | Yes (n = 1572) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 2071 (67.3%) | 1057 (67.2%) | 0.939 |
| Male | 1004 (32.7%) | 515 (32.8%) | |
| Age (mean/years) | 31.83 ± 10.58 | 31.76 ± 10.36 | 0.205 |
| Age range (years) | |||
| 18–30 | 1627 (52.9%) | 831 (52.9%) | 0.221 |
| 31–50 | 1222 (39.7%) | 631 (40.1%) | |
| 51–80 | 226 (7.3%) | 110 (7.0%) | |
| Smoking | |||
| No | 2902 (94.4%) | 1449 (92.2%) | 0.004 (OR =1.42 95%CI 1.12–1.81) |
| Yes | 173 (5.6%) | 123 (7.8%) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| No | 1469 (47.8%) | 713 (45.4%) | 0.118 |
| Yes | 1606 (52.2%) | 859 (54.6%) | |
| Would you say you have bad breath? | |||
| No | 2831 (92.1%) | 1292 (82.2%) | <0.001 (OR =2.51 95%CI 2.09–3.02) |
| Yes | 244 (7.9%) | 280 (17.8%) | |
| Has any family member/friend ever told you have bad breath? | |||
| No | 2416 (78.6%) | 1063 (67.6%) | <0.001 (OR =1.76 95%CI 1.53–2.01) |
| Yes | 659 (21.4%) | 509 (32.4%) | |
| Have you ever been diagnosed by your dentist of having bad breath? | |||
| No | 3005 (97.7%) | 1506 (95.8%) | <0.001 (OR =1.88 95%CI 1.34–2.65) |
| Yes | 70 (2.3%) | 66 (4.2%) | |
| Period of face mask use | |||
| Less than 1 h (reference) | 857 (27.9%) | 316 (20.1%) | (reference) |
| 1–2 h/daily | 1500 (48.8%) | 740 (47.1%) | <0.001 (OR =1.34 95%CI 1.14–1.56) |
| 3–5 h/daily | 438 (14.2%) | 272 (17.3%) | <0.001 (OR =1.68 95%CI 1.38–2.10) |
| More than 6 h | 280 (11.3%) | 244 (15.5%) | <0.001 (OR =2.36 95%CI 1.91–2.93) |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
Significant p‐values are shown in bold.