Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by alcohol drinking categories, in men
| Current regular drinkers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Abstainers | Ex-regular drinkers | Occasional drinkers | All current regular | < 140 g/week | 140–279 g/week | 280–419 g/week | ≥ 420 g/week | |
| Number of participants | 201,039 | 40,657 | 16,990 | 76,415 | 66,977 | 24,171 | 18,182 | 12,306 | 12,318 |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 52.9 (10.9) | 57.1 (11.1) | 56.9 (10.3) | 51.0 (10.8) | 51.5 (10.2) | 51.6 (10.9) | 51.7 (10.2) | 50.8 (9.6) | 50.2 (9.5) |
| Urban area, % | 43.9 | 31.4 | 41.7 | 44.3 | 50.8 | 59.3 | 53.3 | 48.8 | 31.7 |
| Educational attainment > 6 years, % | 58.2 | 54.6 | 57.1 | 60.9 | 58.1 | 61.2 | 57.5 | 58.5 | 54.5 |
| Income > 20000 yuan/year, % | 45.7 | 42.0 | 45.1 | 46.7 | 46.8 | 47.8 | 46.3 | 45.5 | 46.9 |
| Married, % | 92.9 | 91.3 | 93.4 | 93.3 | 93.3 | 94.0 | 93.3 | 93.3 | 92.2 |
| Lifestyle factors | |||||||||
| Regular smoking, % | 61.2 | 52.6 | 61.1 | 57.0 | 71.8 | 65.7 | 73.1 | 76.5 | 80.0 |
| Daily fresh fruit consumption, % | 22.8 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 25.0 | 21.1 | 25.2 | 20.3 | 17.7 | 15.7 |
| Physical activity, mean MET-h/d (SD) | 22.0 (15.2) | 21.1 (15.0) | 20.3 (14.4) | 22.5 (15.6) | 22.1 (14.8) | 21.9 (14.4) | 22.2 (14.8) | 22.3 (15.3) | 21.3 (15.1) |
| Daily tea drinking, % | 40.7 | 36.0 | 40.2 | 37.2 | 48.4 | 45.7 | 47.7 | 48.7 | 52.4 |
| Physical measurements, mean (SD) | |||||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 133.0 (20.1) | 132.2 (21.6) | 134.3 (21.5) | 131.2 (18.8) | 134.4 (19.8) | 132.2 (18.9) | 134.6 (19.8) | 135.9 (20.0) | 138.0 (20.7) |
| DBP, mmHg | 79.3 (11.4) | 78.4 (11.5) | 79.9 (11.7) | 78.2 (10.9) | 80.4 (11.5) | 79.2 (11.1) | 80.5 (11.5) | 81.4 (11.6) | 82.4 (11.7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 (3.3) | 23.3 (3.2) | 24.0 (3.4) | 23.5 (3.2) | 23.5 (3.2) | 23.4 (3.2) | 23.5 (3.2) | 23.5 (3.2) | 23.6 (3.2) |
| Health and medical history, %a | |||||||||
| Poor health | 8.6 | 12.1 | 16.6 | 7.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 6.5 |
| Any chronic diseaseb | 20.8 | 24.6 | 34.6 | 19.6 | 16.7 | 17.9 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 16.5 |
| Coronary heart disease | 2.7 | 3.3 | 5.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
| Stroke or transient ischaemic attack | 2.4 | 3.7 | 6.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| Prevalent diabetes | 5.6 | 6.7 | 8.9 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 5.6 |
| Family history of cancer | 16.4 | 14.4 | 17.9 | 16.5 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 17.7 |
| Family history of diabetes | 6.5 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
| HBsAg test positive | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
SD, standard deviation; MET-h/d, metabolic equivalents of task per hours per day; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
Participants with unclear or missing HBsAg test result, or with self-reported prior cancer, liver cirrhosis, or chronic hepatitis were excluded
Prevalences and means are directly standardised to the age and study area structure of the male study population as appropriate
aAll self-reported except for prevalent diabetes which included both self-reported and screen-detected diabetes
bChronic diseases included self-reported history of coronary heart disease, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, diabetes, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, peptic ulcer, emphysema/chronic bronchitis, gallstone/gallbladder disease, and kidney disease