Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
| Study | Year | Study design | Country | Recruitment dates | Age (years) | Males (%) | HIV-positive (%) | Follow‐up | Duration | Bedaquiline-usement | Background regimen | Drug resistance | Bedaquiline treatment | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diacon et al. | 2014 | Randomized controlled trial | Brazil, India, Latvia, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, South Africa, and Thailand | NA | 34 (18–63) | 85 (63.39) | 19 (14.39) | At 8, 24 and 72 weeks | 120-week | 400 mg once daily for 2 weeks, followed by 200 mg three times a week for 22 weeks | Ethionamide, pyrazinamide, ofloxacin, kanamycin, and cycloserine | MDR-TB | 66 | 66 | 132 |
| Kurbatova et al. | 2015 | Prospective cohort study | Philippines, South Africa, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Latvia, Thailand, Taiwan, and Estonia | January 1, 2005–December 31, 2008 | > 18 | 613 (48.88) | 159 (12.68) | Monthly | > 18 months | NA | Based on WHO and local treatment guidelines | MDR-TB | 302 | 952 | 1254 |
| Kim et al. | 2018 | Retrospective cohort | Korea | January 2015 and October 2017 | 52 (40.5–60) | 49 (80.33) | Monthly | > 6 months | > 1 month (210 to 237 days) | Based on WHO | MDR-TB | 50 | 11 | 61 | |
| Kempker et al. | 2020 | Prospective cohort study | Tbilisi, Georgia | December 2015 to May 2017 | ≥ 16 | 78 (82.11) | 2 (2.11) | Monthly | 20–24 months | 171 (166–190) days | Linezolid, cycloserine, clofazimine, and an injectable agent. Delamanid-based regimen in control | MDR-TB | 64 | 31 | 95 |
| Schnippel et al. | 2018 | Retrospective cohort | South African | July 1, 2014, to March 31, 2016 | 36 (29–44) | 10,959 (55.86) | 13,893 (70.82) | Every 2 weeks for the first month, then monthly for 5 months | > 18 months | 24 weeks |
Kanamycin, moxifloxacin, ethionamide, terizidone, and pyrazinamide |
RR-TB, MDR-TB, XDR-TB | 1016 | 18,601 | 19,617 |
| Zhao et al. | 2019 | Retrospective cohort | South African | October 2014 to October 2016 | > 18 | 190 (57.58) | 233 (70.61) | Monthly | 12 months | 400 mg once daily for 2 weeks, followed by 200 mg three times a week for 22 weeks | Moxifloxacin, pyrazinamide, ethionamide, high-dose isoniazid, ethambutol, and terizidone | MDR-TB | 162 | 168 | 330 |
| Olayanju et al. | 2018 | Prospective cohort study | South African | January 2008 and June 2017 | > 18 | 161 (59.19) | 134 (49.26) | Monthly | 24 months | NA | Para-aminosalicylic acid, clofazimine, capreomycin and second-/fourth-generation fluoroquinolones | XDR-TB | 68 | 204 | 272 |
| Dooley et al. | 2021 | Randomized controlled trial | South African and Peru | Aug 26, 2016, and July 13, 2018 | 34 (20–49) | 63 (75.00) | 31 (36.90) | Every 2 weeks until week 24, then at week 28 | > 7 months | 400 mg once daily for 2 weeks, followed by 200 mg three times a week for 22 weeks | Capreomycin, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin, isoniazid, terizidone, Linezolid. Delamanid in control | MDR-TB and RR-TB | 56 | 28 | 84 |