Table 1.

MR estimates of the causal effect of IL6-signaling and sIL6R level on the risk of autoimmune arthritis.

Exposure	MR method	Outcome	Association			Heterogeneity		Egger regression	MR PRESSO
			beta	se	pval	Q	P-value	P-value	P-value
IL6-signaling	ME	RA	0.053156	0.46213	0.914	19.34	0.0017	0.5733	0.015
	WM	(Euro)	0.327559	0.07645	2E-05
	IVW		0.324962	0.12067	0.0071
	ME	RA	-0.00496	0.0071	0.5234	3.54	0.6174	0.1430	0.09
	WM	(UKBB)	0.005779	0.00241	0.0163
	IVW		0.007435	0.002	0.0002
	ME	AS	1.470001	1.53846	0.3934	5.33	0.3766	0.8838	0.021
	WM	(Finngen)	1.434537	0.46354	0.002
	IVW		1.239619	0.37985	0.0011
	ME	AS	0.003159	0.00363	0.433	1.30	0.9352	0.8485	0.237
	WM	(UKBB)	0.003863	0.00122	0.0015
	IVW		0.003868	0.00102	0.0002
	ME	PsA	1.20307	2.09803	0.5971	11.21	0.0474	0.7250	0.069
	WM	(Finngen)	0.579845	0.43903	0.1866
	IVW		0.441713	0.52576	0.4008
	ME	PsA	0.002501	0.00548	0.6717	14.02	0.0155	0.6613	0.006
	WM	(UKBB)	0.000954	0.00108	0.3762
	IVW		1.77E-05	0.00142	0.99
sIL6R	ME	RA	-0.02508	0.01238	0.0524	50.80	0.0074	0.6351	0.003
	WM	(Euro)*	-0.02599	0.0064	5E-05
	IVW		-0.01995	0.00615	0.0012
	ME	RA	-0.00021	0.00036	0.5684	48.29	0.0418	0.8518	0.026
	WM	(UKBB)	-0.00034	0.00021	0.1018
	IVW		-0.00026	0.00017	0.1283
	ME	AS	-0.15921	0.05436	0.0062	20.85	0.9503	0.4793	0.035
	WM	(Finngen)	-0.12799	0.0384	0.0009
	IVW		-0.12524	0.0265	2E-06
	ME	AS	-0.00029	0.00016	0.0697	35.73	0.3414	0.8073	0.085
	WM	(UKBB)	-0.00027	0.0001	0.0111
	IVW		-0.00033	7.6E-05	2E-05
	ME	PsA	-0.07011	0.05904	0.2437	41.86	0.1386	0.5380	0.086
	WM	(Finngen)	-0.04221	0.03518	0.2302
	IVW		-0.03802	0.02852	0.1825
	ME	PsA	0.000118	0.00017	0.4816	62.73	0.0014	0.1337	<0.001
	WM	(UKBB)	-0.00011	8.9E-05	0.2077
	IVW		-0.0001	8.4E-05	0.2143

6 IV SNPs were used in IL6-signaling; 34 IV SNPs were used in sIL6R MR analysis. *30 IV SNPs were identified in the Euro RA database. Significant results are in bold. MR, Mendelian randomization; ME, MR-Egger; WM, weighted median; IVW: inverse variance weighted.