Table 4.

Association of cigarette use with suicidality, South Korea, 2019 (N=57303)

Variable	Non-use (Ref.)	Suicidal ideation AOR (95% CI)	p	Suicide plan AOR (95% CI)	p	Suicide attempts AOR (95% CI)	p
Model 1a
Lifetime use
Conventional cigarette	1	2.10 (1.92–2.29)	<0.001	2.17 (1.89–2.50)	<0.001	2.71 (2.32–3.17)	<0.001
E-cigarette	1	1.08 (0.95–1.23)	0.242	1.25 (1.03–1.52)	<0.050	1.31 (1.05–1.63)	<0.050
HTP	1	1.43 (1.25–1.64)	<0.001	1.99 (1.63–2.43)	<0.001	2.40 (1.92–2.97)	<0.001
Current use
Conventional cigarette	1	0.91 (0.66–1.26)	0.572	0.95 (0.59–1.53)	0.841	0.85 (0.51–1.41)	0.527
E-cigarette	1	1.73 (1.30–2.31)	<0.001	2.06 (1.34–3.15)	<0.010	2.26 (1.44–3.57)	<0.001
HTP	1	1.25 (0.93–1.68)	0.134	1.29 (0.85–1.96)	0.232	1.70 (1.08–2.67)	<0.050
SHS
Home	1	1.29 (1.22–1.36)	<0.001	1.38 (1.27–1.51)	<0.001	1.43 (1.29–1.58)	<0.001
School	1	1.39 (1.31–1.48)	<0.001	1.70 (1.55–1.87)	<0.001	1.78 (1.60–1.87)	<0.001
Public places	1	1.38 (1.31–1.45)	<0.001	1.24 (1.13–1.36)	<0.001	1.38 (1.24–1.53)	<0.001
HTP + SHS
HTP + SHS home	1	1.74 (1.43–2.13)	<0.001	2.07 (1.57–2.73)	<0.001	2.57 (1.91–3.47)	<0.001
HTP + SHS school	1	1.46 (1.18–1.79)	<0.001	2.06 (1.55–2.73)	<0.001	1.94 (1.44–2.60)	<0.001
HTP + SHS public places	1	1.78 (1.48–2.14)	<0.001	2.04 (1.55–2.68)	<0.001	2.76 (2.04–3.71)	<0.001
Model 2b
Lifetime use
Conventional cigarette	1	1.64 (1.49–1.80)	<0.001	1.63 (1.42–1.88)	<0.001	2.00 (1.71–2.34)	<0.001
E-cigarette	1	0.99 (0.86–1.14)	0.866	1.10 (0.90–1.35)	0.368	1.16 (0.93–1.46)	0.194
HTP	1	1.20 (1.03–1.40)	<0.050	1.56 (1.26–1.93)	<0.001	1.90 (1.51–2.39)	<0.001
Current use
Conventional cigarette	1	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.480	1.00 (0.92–1.08)	0.961	1.02 (0.94–1.10)	0.683
E-cigarette	1	1.12 (1.04–1.21)	<0.010	1.19 (1.08–1.32)	<0.010	1.19 (1.07–1.32)	<0.010
HTP	1	1.04 (0.96–1.12)	0.372	1.06 (0.95–1.17)	0.314	1.05 (0.95–1.17)	0.349
SHS
Home	1	1.19 (1.12–1.26)	<0.001	1.22 (1.12–1.34)	<0.001	1.25 (1.13–1.39)	<0.001
School	1	1.18 (1.11–1.26)	<0.001	1.39 (1.29–1.53)	<0.001	1.43 (1.27–1.60)	<0.001
Public places	1	1.20 (1.13–1.27)	<0.001	1.05 (0.96–1.16)	0.314	1.16 (1.04–1.30)	<0.010
HTP + SHS
HTP + SHS home	1	1.37 (1.10–1.70)	<0.010	1.45 (1.09–1.95)	<0.050	1.88 (1.37–2.57)	<0.001
HTP + SHS school	1	1.21 (0.96–1.52)	0.108	1.57 (1.16–2.12)	<0.010	1.45 (1.06–2.00)	<0.050
HTP + SHS public places	1	1.44 (1.18–1.75)	<0.001	1.64 (1.23–2.17)	<0.001	2.21 (1.63–3.00)	<0.001

^aModel 1 was adjusted for sex, school type, perceived school performance, economic status, and residence type. Model fit statistics were: χ²=194.495–656.331, df=3, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R²=0.055–0.135 for suicidal ideation; χ²=31.512–486.223, df=3, p<0.001 and Nagelkerke R²=0.042–0.176 for suicide plan; and χ²=48.631–633.291, df=3, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R²=0.065–0.206 for suicide attempts.

^bModel 2 was adjusted for depression, and drug use, along with all factors that were adjusted in Model 1. Model fit statistics were: χ²=476.314–8811.696, df=10, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R²=0.261–309 for suicidal ideation; χ²=367.766–3268.573, df=10, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R²=0.188–0.327 for suicide plan; χ²=361.876–3076.672, df=10, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R²=0.206–0.331 for suicide attempts.