Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of farmers (n = 57).
| Characteristic of Agriculturist | Number (%) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Female | 17 (29.8) |
| Male | 40 (70.2) |
| Age (years) | |
| Mean (SD) 41.6 (14.3) years | |
| Min - Max (years) 19–70 | |
| BMI | |
| Mean (SD) 24.5 (4.7) | |
| Min-Max (16.7 – 41.4) | |
| Education level | |
| Uneducated | 2 (3.5) |
| Primary school | 25 (43.9) |
| Junior high school | 17 (29.8) |
| Senior high school or vocational certificate | 5 (8.8) |
| College certificate or high vocational certificate | 6 (10.5) |
| Bachelor degree | 2 (3.5) |
| Occupation | |
| Farm owner/agriculturist | 32 (56.1) |
| Farm employee | 25 (43.9) |
| Smoking | |
| Yes (current) | 19 (33.3) |
| No (ex or none) | 38 (66.7) |
| Alcohol consumption | |
| Yes | 44 (77.2) |
| No | 13 (22.8) |
| Live next to farmland where pesticides are sprayed (<1 km) | |
| Yes | 34 (59.6) |
| No | 23 (40.4) |
| Income | |
| Mean (SD) USD 296 (243) | |
| Min - Max (USD) 60 – 1215 | |
| Cultivating areas (square meters) | |
| Mean = 81,440, SD = 59,664, Min - Max (6,400–192,000) | |
| Type of crops | |
| Sugarcane | 32 (56.1) |
| Rice | 15 (26.3) |
| Cassava | 4 (7) |
| Maize | 7 (12.3) |
| Sesame | 8 (14) |
| Nut | 12 (21.1) |
| Using pesticide (years) | |
| Mean = 13.8, SD = 13.1, Min - Max (1–50) | |
| Working in agricultural field (years) | |
| Mean = 16.3, SD = 12.9, Min - Max (1–50) | |
| Agricultural activities | |
| Apply chemical fertilizer | 28 (49.1) |
| Dig in farm soil | 19 (33.3) |
| Mix pesticide | 41 (71.9) |
| Spray pesticide | 57 (100) |
| Hand-pick weeds | 17 (29.8) |
| Sow | 16 (28.1) |
| Water | 10 (17.5) |
| Harvest | 9 (15.8) |