Table 1.
Sample Characteristics Upon the First Year Survey by ADRD (N = 12 949)
| Variables | Non-ADRD (N = 7 392) | ADRD (N = 5 557) | P * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quality of life scores | |||
| Summary score | 81.20 | 81.96 | .003 |
| Environment | 85.33 | 87.88 | <.001 |
| Attention from staff | 93.75 | 93.98 | .409 |
| Food enjoyment | 80.78 | 86.21 | <.001 |
| Engagement | 81.02 | 78.71 | <.001 |
| Negative mood † | 67.08 | 68.01 | .024 |
| Positive mood | 79.22 | 76.97 | <.001 |
| Resident characteristics | |||
| Race | |||
| White | 95.64% | 96.72% | .001 |
| Black | 1.92% | 1.76% | .508 |
| American Indians | 0.93% | 0.85% | .598 |
| Other ‡ | 1.50% | 0.67% | <.001 |
| Age | 81.05 | 84.40 | <.001 |
| Female | 69.95% | 70.72% | .344 |
| Married | 18.82% | 20.74% | .007 |
| Length of stay (days) | 757.66 | 748.24 | .577 |
| ADL score (0–28) | 12.66 | 13.82 | <.001 |
| Cognitive Function Scale | |||
| Capable | 66.82% | 27.31% | <.001 |
| Mildly impaired | 22.53% | 31.12% | <.001 |
| Moderately to severely impaired | 10.65% | 41.57% | <.001 |
| Anxiety or depression Dx | 56.45% | 62.82% | <.001 |
| Severe mental illness Dx § | 14.37% | 17.11% | <.001 |
| Behavioral symptoms ‖ | 11.60% | 18.58% | <.001 |
| Chronic conditions (0–5) ¶ | 0.99 | 0.86 | <.001 |
| Hospitalizations between 2 surveys | |||
| 0 | 74.96% | 82.65% | <.001 |
| 1 | 17.07% | 13.57% | <.001 |
| >1 # | 7.97% | 3.78% | <.001 |
| MDS significant status change between 2 surveys | |||
| 0 | 82.35% | 80.62% | .013 |
| 1 | 13.28% | 14.94% | .008 |
| >1 # | 4.37% | 4.44% | .837 |
| Facility characteristics | |||
| Proportion of non-White residents | 4.76% | 3.75% | <.001 |
| Proportion of Medicaid patient-days | 57.95% | 56.98% | <.001 |
| Proportion of Medicare patient-days | 7.71% | 8.14% | <.001 |
| Metro area | 33.00% | 41.03% | <.001 |
| Ownership | |||
| For profit | 28.27% | 25.90% | .003 |
| Nonprofit | 60.90% | 63.92% | <.001 |
| Government | 10.82% | 10.19% | .241 |
| Number of beds | 78.34 | 83.14 | <.001 |
| Staff retention | 0.70 | 0.70 | .678 |
| Acuity | 1.00 | 1.02 | <.001 |
| Proportion of private rooms | 33.19% | 33.99% | .132 |
Note: ADRD = Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; ADL = activities of daily living; MDS = Minimum Data Set.
*p Values of t tests comparing the means for non-ADRD versus ADRD.
†Reverse-coded. A higher value indicates better quality.
‡Other includes Asians, Hispanics, and those who chose multiple races.
§Bipolar, psychotic, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
‖Physical or verbal behavioral symptoms directed toward others, or other behavioral symptoms not directed toward others.
¶Congestive heart failure, diabetes, stroke, asthma, and cancer.
#Less than 11 pairs with this information missing were included in this category.