Table 2.
Frequency of Severe Abnormalities in Children Stratified by Laboratory Diagnostic Testing
| Laboratory-Confirmed Zika Infectiona | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Positive | Negative | |||||
| Outcome | No. (%) | 95% CI | No. (%) | 95% CI | No. (%) | 95% CI | P Valueb |
| Microcephaly | |||||||
| Yes | 7 (7.14) | 2.92–14.17 | 6 (10.17) | 3.82–20.83 | 1 (3.45) | .09–17.77 | .499 |
| No | 91 (92.86) | 85.84–97.08 | 53 (89.83) | 79.17–96.18 | 28 (96.55) | 82.23–99.91 | |
| SGA | |||||||
| Yes | 7 (7.14) | 2.92–14.17 | 4 (6.78) | 1.88–16.46 | 3 (10.34) | 2.19–27.35 | .871 |
| No | 91 (92.86) | 85.84–97.08 | 55 (93.22) | 83.54–98.12 | 26 (89.66) | 72.64–97.81 | |
| Abnormal eye fundus | |||||||
| Yes | 4 (4.08) | 1.12–10.12 | 4 (6.78) | 1.88–16.46 | 0 (0.00) | .00–11.97 | … c |
| No | 72 (73.47) | 63.59–81.88 | 41 (69.49) | 56.13–80.82 | 26 (89.66) | 72.64–97.81 | |
| Unknown | 22 (22.45) | 14.63–31.99 | 14 (23.73) | 13.62–36.60 | 3 (10.34) | 2.19–27.35 | |
| Abnormal BERA | |||||||
| Yes | 7 (7.14) | 2.92–14.17 | 6 (10.17) | 3.82–20.83 | 1 (3.45) | .09–17.77 | .540 |
| No | 55 (56.12) | 45.73–66.14 | 33 (55.93) | 42.40–68.85 | 18 (62.07) | 42.26–79.32 | |
| Unknown | 36 (36.73) | 27.22–47.08 | 20 (33.90) | 22.08–47.39 | 10 (34.48) | 17.94–54.33 | |
| Structural brain abnormality | |||||||
| Yes | 12 (12.24) | 6.49–20.41 | 10 (16.95) | 8.44–28.97 | 1 (3.45 | .09–17.77 | .178 |
| No | 71 (73.47) | 62.50–81.00 | 42 (71.19) | 57.92–82.24 | 25 (86.21) | 68.34–96.11 | |
| Unknown | 15 (14.29) | 8.83–23.99 | 7 (11.86) | 4.90–22.93 | 3 (10.34) | 2.19–27.35 | |
| Premature birth | |||||||
| Yes | 15 (15.31) | 8.83-23-99 | 11 (18.64) | 9.69–30.92 | 4 (13.79) | 3.89–31.67 | .789 |
| No | 83 (84.69) | 76.01–91.17 | 48 (81.36) | 69.08–90.31 | 25 (86.21) | 68.34–96.11 | |
| Any of the above abnormalities | |||||||
| Yes | 32 (32.65) | 23.52–42.87 | 22 (37.29) | 25.04–50.86 | 9 (31.03) | 15.28–50.83 | .734 |
| No | 66 (67.35) | 57.13–76.49 | 37 (62.71) | 49.14–74.96 | 20 (68.97) | 49.17–84.72 | |
| Total | 98 (100) | 59 | 29 | ||||
Abbreviations: BERA, brain-steam auditory evoked response; CI, confidence interval; IgM, immunoglobulin M; SGA, small for gestational age; ZIKV, Zika virus.
aZika infection was confirmed in infants presenting at least 1 positive result for the detection of ZIKV IgM, and ZIKV RNA in blood or urine. Data were not available for 10 infants.
bStatistical analysis of the frequency of confirmed Zika infection in infants according to the presence or absence of congenital abnormalities was performed by Fisher exact test, and P value < .05 was considered significant.
cP value not determined due to cells with zero values.