Table-4.
The global pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods.
| Country | No. of studies | ESa | Lower | Upper | Weight of ES (%) b | Heterogeneity statistic | Degrees of freedom | p-value | I2(%)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 1 | 0.250 | 0.005 | 0.495 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.0 |
| China | 5 | 0.146 | 0.115 | 0.178 | 26.24 | 201.7 | 37 | 0.000 | 81.7 |
| Ethiopia | 1 | 0.487 | 0.344 | 0.631 | 1.24 | 5.80 | 3 | 0.122 | 48.3 |
| Iran | 2 | 0.267 | 0.225 | 0.308 | 14.78 | 53.57 | 18 | 0.000 | 66.4 |
| Jordan | 1 | 0.121 | −0.137 | 0.378 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 2 | 0.936 | 0.0 |
| Korea | 1 | 0.941 | 0.883 | 1.00 | 7.44 | 24.52 | 1 | 0.000 | 95.9 |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0.802 | 0.696 | 0.908 | 2.27 | 7.32 | 2 | 0.026 | 72.7 |
| Nigeria | 2 | 0.469 | 0.441 | 0.496 | 33.62 | 120.67 | 19 | 0.000 | 84.3 |
| Spain | 1 | 0.164 | 0.004 | 0.324 | 0.99 | 0.59 | 6 | 0.997 | 0.0 |
| Taiwan | 1 | 0.091 | −0.306 | 0.488 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0 | - | - |
| Turkey | 4 | 0.448 | 0.392 | 0.504 | 8.04 | 142.60 | 24 | 0.000 | 83.2 |
| Overall | 20 | 0.381 | 0.365 | 0.397 | 100.0 | 1342.08 | 136 | 0.000 | 89.9 |
Effect size (ES): Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in ready-to-eat foods (ratio of positive samples/total samples). The weight of ES is related to the total sample size of individual studies. Variation in study outcomes between studies. Heterogeneity across studies (I2)