Table-6.
The global pooled prevalence of contamination of ready-to-eat foods with antibiotic-resistant Listeria monocytogenes.
| Item | Country | No. of papers | Effect size | 95% CI | Weight | I Squared (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aminoglycosides | China | 7 | 0.07 | −0.00, 0.14 | 60.75 | 0.0 | 0.985 |
| Iran | 2 | 0.10 | −0.17, 0.28 | 1.77 | 0.0 | 0.855 | |
| Italy | 2 | 0.06 | 0.17, 0.28 | 6.27 | 0.0 | 0.855 | |
| Jordan | 1 | 0.06 | −0.41, 0.52 | 1.46 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Nigeria | 2 | 0.26 | 0.11, 0.40 | 14.56 | 39.3 | 0.176 | |
| Spain | 1 | 0.21 | 0.25, 0.68 | 1.48 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 2 | 0.39 | 0.24, 0.55 | 13.70 | 83.0 | 0.001 | |
| Overall | 17 | 0.07 | −0.00, 0.14 | 60.75 | 0.0 | 0.985 | |
| Antimycobacterials | China | 3 | 0.05 | −0.06, 0.15 | 55.38 | 0.0 | 0.832 |
| Iran | 1 | 0.08 | −0.11, 0.27 | 17.84 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0.83 | 0.66, 1.00 | 21.40 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 1 | 0.47 | 0.12, 0.82 | 5.38 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Overall | 6 | 0.24 | 0.16, 0.32 | 100.0 | 91.9 | 0.001 | |
| Carbapenem | Turkey | 1 | 0.06 | −0.37, 0.49 | 100.0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
| Cephalosporin’s | China | 3 | 0.52 | 0.44, 0.59 | 14.61 | 95.9 | 0.001 |
| Italy | 1 | 0.15 | −0.36 ,0.44 | 0.52 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Nigeria | 1 | 0.47 | 0.44, 0.50 | 82.99 | 0.0 | 0.990 | |
| Spain | 1 | 0.21 | −0.25, 0.67 | 0.39 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 1 | 0.15 | −0.08, 0.39 | 1.49 | 0.0 | 0.678 | |
| Overall | 7 | 0.47 | 0.44, 0.50 | 100.0 | 88.3 | 0.001 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | Iran | 2 | 0.23 | 0.11, 0.35 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.430 |
| Glycopeptide | China | 2 | 0.02 | −0.13, 0.16 | 33.37 | 0.0 | 0.925 |
| Iran | 1 | 0.35 | 0.19, 0.51 | 27.68 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Italy | 1 | 0.06 | −0.15, 0.27 | 15.36 | 0.0 | 0.908 | |
| Nigeria | 1 | 0.57 | 0.23 ,0.91 | 5.87 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Spain | 1 | 0.21 | −0.25, 0.67 | 3.25 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 2 | 0.49 | 0.27, 0.71 | 14.46 | 67.1 | 0.081 | |
| Overall | 8 | 0.22 | 0.14, 0.31 | 100.0 | 68.2 | 0.001 | |
| Lincomycins | China | 1 | 0.34 | 0.16, 0.52 | 28.49 | 0.0 | < 0.001) |
| Iran | 2 | 0.06 | −0.07, 0.20 | 49.77 | 0.0 | 0.761 | |
| Italy | 1 | 0.28 | 0.02, 0.53 | 13.53 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Korea | 1 | 0.28 | 0.02, 0.53 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 2 | 0.13 | −0.20, 0.47 | 8.21 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Overall | 7 | 0.17 | 0.08, 0.27 | 100.0 | 39.9 | 0.001 | |
| Penicillins | China | 3 | 0.05 | −0.03, 0.12 | 17.78 | −0.0 | 0.981 |
| Ethiopia | 1 | 0.87 | 0.44, 0.90 | 2.07 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Iran | 2 | 0.30 | 0.31, 0.48 | 15.12 | −0.0 | 0.435 | |
| Italy | 1 | 0.47 | 0.36, 0.50 | 8.60 | −88.8 | 0.001 | |
| Korea | 1 | 0.97 | 0.911,1.3 | 31.08 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1,03 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Nigeria | 2 | 0.88 | 0.78, 0.90 | 10.45 | −0.0 | 0.58 | |
| Spain | 1 | 0.07 | −0.25, 0.37 | 1.24 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Taiwan | 1 | 0.09 | −0.31, 0.49 | 0.70 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 3 | 0.89 | 0.50, 0.78 | 11.58 | −93.5 | <0.001 | |
| Overall | 16 | 0.80 | 0.57, 0.64 | 100.0 | 94.9 | 0.001 | |
| Quinolones | China | 3 | 0.09 | −0.01, 0.18 | 33.37 | 0.0 | 0.771 |
| Ethiopia | 1 | 0.37 | 0.15, 0.60 | 5.74 | 50.2 | 0.156 | |
| Iran | 2 | 0.18 | 0.08, 0.29 | 27.00 | 41.3 | 0.182 | |
| Nigeria | 2 | 0.20 | 0.08, 0.31 | 21.46 | 29.6 | 0.234 | |
| Spain | 1 | 0.21 | −0.25, 0.68 | 1.35 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 3 | 0.41 | 0.25, 0.57 | 11.07 | 49.5 | 0.008 | |
| Overall | 12 | 0.19 | 0.14, 0.24 | 100.0 | 49.5 | 0.008 | |
| Sulfonamides | China | 2 | 0.04 | −0.08, 0.15 | 73.00 | 0.0 | 0.976 |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0.39 | 0.07, 0.71) | 9.39 | 0.0 | < 0.001 | |
| Nigeria | 1 | 0.57 | −0.23, 0.91 | 8.09 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Spain | 1 | 0.21 | −0.25, 0.68 | 4.42 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 1 | 0.81 | −0.25, 0.61 | 5.10 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Overall | 6 | 0.13 | 0.03, 0.23 | 100.0 | 48.5 | 0.070 | |
| Tetracycline’s | China | 4 | 0.09 | −0.02, 0.19 | 29.93 | 0.0 | 0.810 |
| Ethiopia | 1 | 0.38 | 0.06, 0.69 | 3.20 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Iran | 2 | 0.22 | 0.10, 0.34 | 21.17 | 82.7 | 0.016 | |
| Italy | 2 | 0.04 | −0.19, 0.26 | 6.50 | 0.0 | 0.913 | |
| Jordan | 1 | 0.12 | −0.33, 0.56 | 1.60 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Korea | 1 | 0.18 | −0.13, 0.49 | 1.60 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0.87 | 0.72, 1.02 | 14.80 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Nigeria | 1 | 0.71 | 0.43, 1.00 | 4.05 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Turkey | 2 | 0.30 | 0.14, 0.46 | 12.69 | 15.4 | 0.277 | |
| Overall | 15 | 0.30 | 0.24, 0.35 | 100.0 | 84.8 | 0.001 |