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. 2021 Aug 20;95(10):3205–3221. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03140-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Results of the WST-1 cytotoxicity assay in Caco-2 cells after 24 h exposure to increasing concentrations of a abamectin, product 1 and the respective mixture of abamectin and the investigated co-formulants in the same ration as in product 1, b fluroxypyr-meptyl, product 2 and the respective mixtures of fluroxypyr-meptyl and the investigated co-formulants in the same ratio as in the product 2, c the investigated co-formulants of product 1 and d the investigated co-formulants of product 2. Results are shown as percentage of the viability of the solvent control containing 0.4% DMSO. Concentrations of the mixtures and the PPPs refer to the concentration of the contained active ingredient. Mean values ± SD of n = 3 biological replicates, each performed with six technical replicates. Statistical analysis was done by a linear mixed-effects ANOVA (α = 0.05) followed by a post hoc Dunnett test (α = 0.05). Statistical significance compared to solvent control is indicated by asterisks (*)