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. 2021 Aug 20;95(10):3205–3221. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03140-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Pgp ATPase activity presented as changes in luminescence ΔRLU of (a) abamectin compared to untreated samples (basal) and (b–f) abamectin, Soprophor^® BSU, Soprophor^® 3D33, Emulsogen^® EL 400 and Rhodacal^® 60/BE after stimulation with verapamil compared to verapamil control. All measurements were corrected by subtraction of Na₃VO₄-treated signals (non Pgp ATPase activity). Data are presented as mean values of n = 4 independent experiments. Error bars indicate confidence intervals obtained from statistical analysis using an either two-sided (error bars in both direction) or one-sided (error bars in one direction) post hoc Dunnett test (α = 0.05), with a preceding linear mixed-effects ANOVA test (α = 0.05). Statistical significance compared to untreated control/verapamil control is defined by asterisks (*)