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. 2021 Aug 20;95(10):3205–3221. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03140-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Results of transport studies presented as cumulative transported amounts of avermectin B1a in a AP–BL direction and b BL–AP direction. Transport studies in both directions were carried out with 1 mg/L abamectin, mix 1A (1 mg/L abamectin + 4.2 mg/L Tween^® 80, 1 mg/L Soprophor^® BSU, 1 mg/L Soprophor^® 3D33), product 1 (containing 1 mg/L abamectin) and mix 1B (1 mg/L abamectin + 80 mg/L Tween^® 80, 40 mg/L Soprophor^® BSU, 40 mg/L Soprophor^® 3D33). All concentrations were related to the measured start concentrations of the solutions and are given as relative values in percent. Data are presented as mean values ± SD of n = 3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was conducted by a linear mixed-effects ANOVA (α = 0.05) followed by a post hoc comparison with holm adjustment of the estimated curves of mix 1A, product 1 and mix 1B with the curve of the active ingredient abamectin. Statistical significance at α = 0.05 level compared to reference compound is indicated by asterisks (*)