Table 1.
Responses of soleus (Sol) muscle proteins involved in metabolic processes to microgravity (µ-g) or artificial 1-g (A1-g) exposure and/or fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) ingestion.
| Gene symbol (accession) | µ-g & FOS (−)/A1-g & FOS (−) | µ-g & FOS (+)/A1-g & FOS (−) | A1-g & FOS (+)/A1-g & FOS (−) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glycolytic process | |||
| Aldoa (P05064) | * FC = 1.78, P = 1.5E−4 | * FC = 1.53, P = 4.8E−3 | FC = 0.96, P = 5.1E−1 |
| Gpi1 (P06745) | * FC = 1.76, P = 2.8E−3 | * FC = 1.80, P = 3.8E−3 | FC = 1.09, P = 3.5E−1 |
| Gapdh (P16858) | * FC = 1.53, P = 6.8E−3 | FC = 1.53, P = 3.7E−2 | FC = 1.04, P = 8.2E−1 |
| Pfkm (P47857) | * FC = 1.21, P = 3.8E−3 | FC = 1.02, P = 6.8E−1 | FC = 0.90, P = 6.4E−2 |
| Pgk1 (P09411) | * FC = 1.62, P = 8.8E−4 | * FC = 1.69, P = 7.9E−3 | * FC = 1.18, P = 5.8E−3 |
| Pgk2 (P09041) | * FC = 3.04, P = 3.7E−3 | FC = 2.97, P = 1.1E−2 | FC = 1.48, P = 5.9E−2 |
| Pkm (P52480) | * FC = 1.46, P = 2.5E−3 | FC = 1.37, P = 1.4E−2 | FC = 1.05, P = 4.2E−1 |
| Fatty acid beta-oxidation | |||
| Acat1 (Q8QZT1) | * FC = 0.68, P = 2.9E−4 | * FC = 0.75, P = 2.2E−3 | FC = 0.93, P = 8.3E−2 |
| Acaa1b (Q8VCH0) | * FC = 0.59, P = 8.2E−3 | FC = 0.76, P = 1.3E−1 | FC = 0.85, P = 2.3E−1 |
| Acaa2 (Q8BWT1) | * FC = 0.63, P = 1.8E−3 | * FC = 0.71, P = 1.0E−3 | FC = 0.95, P = 2.7E−1 |
| Acad10 (Q8K370) | FC = 0.74, P = 1.1E−2 | * FC = 0.80, P = 1.6E−3 | FC = 0.94, P = 3.6E−1 |
| Acadl (P51174) | FC = 0.78, P = 1.1E−2 | * FC = 0.85, P = 9.5E−4 | FC = 0.94, P = 1.6E−1 |
| Acadm (P45952) | * FC = 0.53, P = 1.5E−3 | * FC = 0.61, P = 2.8E−4 | FC = 0.94, P = 2.3E−1 |
| Acadsb (Q9DBL1) | * FC = 0.70, P = 5.9E−3 | FC = 0.83, P = 6.4E−2 | FC = 0.90, P = 2.8E−1 |
| Acadvl (P50544) | * FC = 0.69, P = 3.4E−4 | * FC = 0.78, P = 4.1E−3 | FC = 0.93, P = 1.7E−1 |
| Acox1 (Q9R0H0) | * FC = 0.15, P = 8.0E−4 | * FC = 0.20, P = 1.9E−3 | FC = 0.88, P = 5.2E−1 |
| Cpt1b (Q924X2) | * FC = 0.71, P = 3.0E−3 | FC = 0.74, P = 1.6E−2 | FC = 1.02, P = 7.4E−1 |
| Decr1 (Q9CQ62) | * FC = 0.68, P = 1.3E−3 | * FC = 0.77, P = 6.0E−3 | FC = 0.98, P = 7.3E−1 |
| Etfa (Q99LC5) | * FC = 0.72, P = 3.0E−3 | FC = 0.88, P = 5.1E−2 | FC = 0.95, P = 3.3E−1 |
| Etfdh (Q921G7) | * FC = 0.70, P = 2.2E−3 | FC = 0.80, P = 1.1E−2 | FC = 0.96, P = 5.8E−1 |
| Ech1 (O35459) | * FC = 0.38, P = 6.1E−4 | * FC = 0.46, P = 1.1E−3 | FC = 0.92, P = 3.7E−1 |
| Eci1 (P42125) | * FC = 0.64, P = 1.8E−3 | * FC = 0.72, P = 1.1E−3 | FC = 0.93, P = 3.4E−1 |
| Eci2 (Q9WUR2) | * FC = 0.71, P = 1.5E−3 | FC = 0.81, P = 1.8E−2 | FC = 0.99, P = 7.7E−1 |
| Hadh (Q61425) | * FC = 0.63, P = 3.4E−3 | * FC = 0.74, P = 6.4E−3 | FC = 0.88, P = 1.3E−1 |
| Hadha (Q8BMS1) | * FC = 0.62, P = 1.6E−4 | FC = 0.74, P = 1.5E−2 | FC = 0.97, P = 6.2E−1 |
| Hadhb (Q99JY0) | * FC = 0.65, P = 9.9E−5 | FC = 0.78, P = 1.3E−2 | FC = 0.95, P = 4.5E−1 |
| Hibch (Q8QZS1) | * FC = 0.74, P = 2.2E−3 | FC = 0.87, P = 2.2E−2 | FC = 0.94, P = 5.4E−2 |
| Tricarboxylic acid cycle | |||
| Cs (Q9CZU6) | * FC = 0.79, P = 6.5E−4 | * FC = 0.87, P = 2.7E−3 | FC = 0.93, P = 5.4E−2 |
| Dlat (Q8BMF4) | * FC = 0.74, P = 5.0E−3 | FC = 0.83, P = 1.1E−2 | FC = 0.92, P = 2.0E−1 |
| Dlst (Q9D2G2) | * FC = 0.75, P = 3.8E−3 | * FC = 0.81, P = 7.4E−3 | FC = 0.90, P = 8.6E−2 |
| Fh1 (P97807) | * FC = 0.81, P = 5.9E−3 | FC = 1.00, P = 1.0 | FC = 0.88, P = 4.8E−2 |
| Idh2 (P54071) | * FC = 0.57, P = 4.4E−4 | * FC = 0.70, P = 3.9E−3 | FC = 1.04, P = 6.6E−1 |
| Idh3g (P70404) | * FC = 0.76, P = 7.1E−3 | FC = 0.82, P = 1.7E−2 | FC = 0.85, P = 2.1E−2 |
| Mdh2 (P08249) | * FC = 0.82, P = 4.1E−3 | FC = 0.91, P = 1.6E−1 | FC = 0.91, P = 6.4E−2 |
| Ogdh (Q60597) | * FC = 0.74, P = 7.8E−4 | * FC = 0.83, P = 3.7E−3 | FC = 0.88, P = 1.1E−1 |
| Pdhb (Q9D051) | * FC = 0.82, P = 5.2E−3 | FC = 0.91, P = 5.5E−2 | FC = 0.92, P = 2.3E−1 |
| Sdha (Q8K2B3) | * FC = 0.82, P = 7.4E−3 | FC = 0.89, P = 7.5E−2 | FC = 0.91, P = 1.8E−1 |
| Mitochondrial electron transport | |||
| Cox2 (P00405) | * FC = 0.69, P = 6.9E−3 | FC = 0.78, P = 3.0E−2 | FC = 0.84, P = 1.0E−1 |
| Cox4i1 (P19783) | * FC = 0.78, P = 1.6E−3 | * FC = 0.80, P = 4.0E−3 | FC = 0.91, P = 1.4E−1 |
| Cox5a (P12787) | * FC = 0.76, P = 7.7E−3 | FC = 0.87, P = 1.6E−1 | FC = 1.03, P = 7.8E−1 |
| (Cox5b (P19536) | * FC = 0.82, P = 8.5E−3 | FC = 0.90, P = 3.8E−1 | FC = 0.96, P = 6.2E−1 |
| Cox7c (P17665) | * FC = 0.68, P = 4.7E−3 | FC = 0.81, P = 4.2E−2 | FC = 0.92, P = 4.7E−1 |
| Cycs (P62897) | * FC = 0.66, P = 1.6E−3 | * FC = 0.70, P = 8.6E−3 | FC = 0.95, P = 4.0E−1 |
| Pmpcb (Q9CXT8) | * FC = 0.62, P = 2.9E−3 | FC = 0.86, P = 4.8E−1 | FC = 0.81, P = 1.0E−1 |
| Uqcrc2 (Q9DB77) | * FC = 0.83, P = 2.5E−4 | FC = 0.91, P = 1.7E−1 | FC = 0.89, P = 8.6E−2 |
The protein abundance profiles of the groups exposed to µ-g with and without FOS ingestion and the group exposed to A1-g with FOS ingestion were individually compared with that of the group exposed to A1-g without FOS ingestion. The results for the proteins, which were categorized as the related factors to each metabolic process by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 and significantly (p < 0.01) affected by µ-g exposure and/or FOS ingestion, in Sol muscles are indicated. The fold change (FC) and p value (P) of each protein are depicted. *: the significant high- or low-abundance proteins.