Table 3.

Responses of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle proteins involved in glutathione-mediated detoxification and glutathione redox reactions to microgravity (µ-g) or artificial 1-g (A1-g) exposure and/or fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) ingestion.

Gene symbol (accession)	µ-g & FOS (−)/A1-g & FOS (−)	µ-g & FOS (+)/A1-g & FOS (−)	A1-g & FOS (+)/A1-g & FOS (−)
Gsr (P47791)	* FC = 1.21, P = 2.6E−3	FC = 1.30, P = 1.1E−2	FC = 0.92, P = 2.0E−2
Gsto1 (O09131)	* FC = 1.30, P = 2.2E−3	* FC = 1.41, P = 1.6E−4	FC = 1.00, P = 9.8E−1

The protein abundance profiles of the groups exposed to µ-g with and without FOS ingestion and the group exposed to A1-g with FOS ingestion were individually compared with that of the group exposed to A1-g without FOS ingestion. The results for the proteins, which were categorized as the related factors to glutathione metabolic process, glutathione-mediated detoxification and/or glutathione redox reactions by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and significantly (p < 0.01) affected by µ-g exposure and/or FOS ingestion, in EDL muscles are indicated. The fold change (FC) and p value (P) of each protein are depicted. *: the significant high- or low-abundance proteins.