Table 4.

Biological implications using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for the altered protein abundance profiles of soleus (Sol) muscles by microgravity (µ-g) exposure and/or fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) ingestion.

Canonical pathways	µ-g & FOS (−)/A1-g & FOS (−)	µ-g & FOS (+)/A1-g & FOS (−)
Glycolysis I	2.65	2
Oxidative phosphorylation	−4.69	−2.45
Fatty acid β-oxidation I	−3.16	−2
TCA cycle II (Eukaryotic)	−2.65	N.D.
Glutathione-mediated detoxification	1	2
Glutathione redox reactions I	1.34	2.24

The protein abundance profiles in Sol muscles of the groups exposed to µ-g with and without FOS ingestion were individually compared with that of the group exposed to artificial 1-g (A1-g) without FOS ingestion. The biological effect of protein abundance profiles which significantly (p < 0.01) altered by µ-g exposure and/or FOS ingestion on canonical pathways related to metabolic process, glutathione-mediated detoxification, and glutathione redox reactions were interpreted with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Z scores, which were calculated to presume activation or inactivation of each index, are depicted. Notable biological effects on extensor digitorum longus muscles were not indicated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. N.D not determined.