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. 2021 Sep 17;4:1097. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02628-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — Schematic of proposed innervation of the spleen. (1) Neurons from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) synapses in the celiac ganglia (CG) peripherally. The CG contains sympathetic norepinephrine fibers that innervate the spleen. (2) This work supports the presence of parasympathetic axons in the vagus nerve, that originate from neurons in the DMN and innervate the spleen directly. Projections from the DMN travel in the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve (SD-VN), ending in terminal branches of the spleen (i.e., SN-1). SNVP splenic neurovascular plexus, cVN cervical vagus nerve.