Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of incarcerated males overall and according to race.
| Participant Characteristics | Participants by Race | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Participants (N = 239) | White (N = 90) | Black (N = 99) | Hispanic/Other1 (N = 50) | F-value3 | Chi-Square4 | df | p-value | Tukey’s post-hoc | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age, mean ± SD (range) | 56.4 ± 6.07 (50–79) | 58.54 ± 7.33 (50–79) | 54.95 ± 4.76 (50–71) | 55.16 ± 4.67 (50–67) | 10.22 | 2,236 | <0.001 | W > B & H/O2 | |
| Education, mean ± SD | 12.04 ± 2.25 | 12.7 ± 2.16 | 11.76 ± 2.04 | 11.40 ± 2.56 | 6.99 | 2,236 | 0.001 | W > B & H/O2 | |
| Education categories, n (%) | 18.95 | 4 | .001 | ||||||
| ≤12 years | 172 (71.9) | 51 (56.7) | 79 (79.8) | 42 (84.0) | |||||
| 13–16 years | 58 (24.3) | 32 (35.6) | 18 (18.2) | 8 (16.0) | |||||
| ≥17 years | 9 (3.8) | 7 (7.8) | 2 (2.0) | -- | |||||
| Incarceration-related factors | |||||||||
| Years in prison for current offense, mean ± SD | 13.22 ± 9.70 | 13.02 ± 9.93 | 14.62 ± 10.13 | 10.78 ± 7.88 | 2.67 | 2,236 | 0.07 | ||
| Age at first incarceration, mean ± SD | 28.36 ± 14.73 | 34.52 ± 17.08 | 22.57 ± 9.86 | 28.72 ± 13.82 | 17.75 | 2,236 | <0.001 | W > H/O > B2 | |
| Clinical and behavioral factors | |||||||||
| Number of chronic conditions, mean ± SD | 2.09 ± 1.13 | 2.16 ± 1.08 | 1.97 ± 1.16 | 2.20 ± 1.17 | .919 | 2,231 | 0.40 | ||
| History of HIV or Hepatitis C, n (%) | 54 (22.6) | 19 (21.1) | 20 (20.2) | 15 (30.0) | 2.23 | 2 | .328 | ||
| History of head injury, n (%) | 97 (40.6) | 30 (33.3) | 53 (53.5) | 14 (28.0) | 12.13 | 2 | .002 | ||
| History of alcohol dependence, n (%) | 104 (43.5) | 53 (58.9) | 33 (33.3) | 18 (36.0) | 13.98 | 2 | .001 | ||
| History of illicit substance use, n (%) | 216 (90.4) | 82 (91.1) | 91 (91.9) | 43 (86.0) | 1.43 | 2 | .490 | ||
1
Other (N = 16)
2
W = White; B = Black; H/O = Hispanic/Other
3
One-Way ANOVA
4
Chi-Square Test