Table 4.
Effect Estimates and P Values for the Multivariate Model Predicting Coronary Artery Calcium Scores in the COPDGene Cohort (n = 2,377; Those With Clinical CAD Were Excluded)
| Variable | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary phenotypes | ||
| FRV to TLV ratio, per 0.20 increase | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) | .01 |
| FEV1, per 20% predicted decrease | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | .20 |
| FEV1 to FVC, per 0.20 decrease | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | .85 |
| Low attenuation area LAA%-950, per 10% increase | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | .61 |
| Postbronchodilator change in FEV1, % | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | .56 |
| Demographics | ||
| Age, per 10-y increase | 2.4 (2.2-2.7) | < .001 |
| Male sex | 2.3 (2.0-2.7) | < .001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.7 (1.3-2.1) | < .001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||
| Hypertension | 1.7 (1.4-2.4) | < .001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.3 (1.0-1.7) | .09 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.6 (1.3-1.8) | < .001 |
| Pack-years of smoking, per 10-y increase | 1.0 (1.0-1.0) | < .001 |
| Current smoking | 1.3 (1.1-1.6) | .003 |
CAD = coronary artery disease; COPDGene = Genetic Epidemiology of COPD; FRV = functional residual volume; TLC = total lung capacity.