Taxonomic groups that is differentially abundant between groups. (A) LEfSe analysis identified a number of phyla that were differentially abundant. Plots show the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (B), Proteobacteria (C), Firmicutes (D), and Bacteroidetes (E). The F/B ratio in the HD-IQA group was significantly different to that of the other groups (F), **P < 0.01. Abbreviations: HD-IQA, high dose IQA; LD-IQA, low dose IQA; PC, positive control.