TABLE A1.

Connectivity estimators and Surrogates analysis methods (found in the ‘fc’ and ‘ts’ submodules)

Method	Short description
Coherence (COH)	It is a measurement of two signals' linear relationship at a specific frequency (Nolte et al., 2004).
Correlation (CORR), partial and cross‐correlation (PART/CROSS)	Pearson's correlation, cross and partial (Friston et al., 1994).
Cosine (COS)	The cosine representation of the BOLD signals was recently used (Vohryzek et al., 2020) to bridge together dynamic systems theory and spontaneous brain activity.
Directed phase lag index (dPLI)	Directed Phase Lag Index was introduced (Stam & van Straaten, 2012) to capture the phase and lag relationship as a measure of directed functional connectivity
Imaginary coherence (ICHOH)	The imaginary part of coherence is insensitive to volume conduction artefacts (Nolte et al., 2004).
Imaginary part of phase locking value (IPLV)	It was proposed as an alternative to PLV to resolve its sensitivity to volume conduction and common reference effects (Sadaghiani et al., 2012).
Mutual information (MI)	(Vinck et al., 2011)
Phase lag index (PLI)	Phase lag index was developed as an alternative phase synchronisation estimator that is less prone to the effects of common sources (namely, volume conduction and active reference electrodes) (Stam et al., 2007).
Phase locking value (PLV)	Possibly the most well know phase estimator (Lachaux et al., 1999).
Weighted phase lag index (wPLI) and debiased weighted phase lag index (dwPLI)	Another alternative method to PLI to combat its noise and noise conduction effects (Vinck et al., 2011).
Surrogates, AAFT	Surrogates and their multiple approaches have been extensively described and studied (Theiler et al., 1992; Schreiber and Schmitz, 2000).