Table 1.
Yields of EVs separated from skim milk (SM) and infant milk formula (IMF) by gradient ultracentrifugation (GUC) or differential ultracentrifugation (DUC), as estimated by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
| i) Gradient ultracentrifugation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size (in nm) | Skim milk |
Infant milk formula |
p-value | ||
| Mean | Mode | Mean | Mode | ||
| Non-treated (NT) | 147.00 ± 8.39 | 113.60 ± 10.34 | 166.15 ± 2.75 | 140.45 ± 1.25 | Ns |
| Acetic acid-treated (AA) | 159.83 ± 5.55 | 135.46 ± 5.28 | 180.16 ± 16.77 | 133.53 ± 16.22 | Ns |
| Isoelectric precipitation (IP) | 162.90 ± 13.51 | 141.03 ± 11.93 | 152.40 ± 45.10 | 109.50 ± 18.80 | Ns |
| Concentration (Particles/mL starting material) | Skim milk | Infant milk formula | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-treated (NT) | 4.35 × 1010 ± 1.40 × 1010 | 6.13 × 1009 ± 8.17 × 1008 | 0.05 |
| Acetic acid-treated (AA) | 1.39 × 1010 ± 8.25 × 1009 | 2.82 × 1009 ± 2.33 × 1009 | Ns |
| Isoelectric precipitation (IP) | 2.16 × 1010 ± 2.47 × 1009 | 3.22 × 1009 ± 1.45 × 1009 | 0.01 |
| ii) Differential Ultracentrifugation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size (in nm) | Skim milk |
Infant milk formula |
p-value | ||
| Mean | Mode | Mean | Mode | ||
| Non-treated (NT_200 K) | 173.60 ± 29.20 | 123.40 ± 60.00 | 180.40 ± 7.50 | 152.50 ± 50.10 | Ns |
| Acetic acid-treated (AA_200 K) | 150.10 ± 16.40 | 146.90 ± 47.33 | 149.28 ± 18.37 | 137.30 ± 68.22 | Ns |
| Isoelectric precipitation (IP_200 K) | 149.23 ± 23.50 | 130.81 ± 46.11 | 184.19 ± 15.63 | 117.10 ± 67.70 | Ns |
| Concentration (Particles/mL of starting material) | Skim milk | Infant milk formula | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-treated (NT_200 K) | 1.97 × 1010 ± 8.90 × 1009 | 4.65 × 1007 ± 2.50 × 1007 | 0.04 |
| Acetic acid-treated (AA_200 K) | 2.78 × 1009 ± 1.00 × 1009 | 1.69 × 1008 ± 3.30 × 1007 | 0.03 |
| Isoelectric precipitation (IP_200 K) | 3.65 × 1009 ± 5.43 × 1008 | 4.66 × 1008 ± 2.02 × 1008 | 0.01 |
ns, not significant
Table reprinted with permission from Mukhopadhya et al., 2021.