Table 3.
Tobacco, vaping, and quit medication use at quitline enrollment and baseline survey.
| Total Sample (n = 96) |
Enhanced E-cigarette Coaching (EEC) (n = 46, 48%) |
Quitline Treatment as Usual (TAU; control) (n = 50, 52%) |
p-value |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | ||
| Multiple tobacco types, 2+ | 21 | 21.9 | [13.5,30.3] | 10 | 21.7 | [9.4,34.1] | 11 | 22.0 | [10.1,33.9] | 0.9999 |
| Smoke daily (vs. nondaily) | 82 | 85.4 | [78.2,92.6] | 41 | 89.1 | [79.8,98.5] | 41 | 82.0 | [71.0,93.0] | 0.3932 |
| CPD, Mean (SE) | 19.2 (1.2) | [16.9,21.5] | 19.2 (1.7) | [15.7,22.6] | 19.2 (1.6) | [16.0,22.3] | 0.9973 | |||
| Time to first cigarette - ≤ 5 min (vs. > 5 min) | 42 | 43.8 | [33.6,53.9] | 21 | 45.7 | [30.7,60.6] | 21 | 42.0 | [27.8,56.2] | 0.8372 |
| Menthol cigarette use | ||||||||||
| None | 59 | 61.5 | [51.5,71.4] | 31 | 67.4 | [53.3,81.5] | 28 | 56.0 | [41.7,70.3] | 0.1616 |
| Some (both menthol & non-menthol) | 13 | 13.5 | [6.6,20.5] | 3 | 6.5 | [0.0,13.9] | 10 | 20.0 | [8.5,31.5] | |
| Mainly smoke menthol | 24 | 25.0 | [16.2,33.8] | 12 | 26.1 | [12.9,39.3] | 12 | 24.0 | [11.7,36.3] | |
| Smoking environment – others smoke at home and/or work, yes | 70 | 72.9 | [63.9,82.0] | 33 | 71.7 | [58.2,85.3] | 37 | 74.0 | [61.4,86.6] | 0.8222 |
| Number of closest friends smoke (0–5), Mean (SE) | 2.9 (0.2) | [2.5,3.2] | 3.2 (0.3) | [2.7,3.7] | 2.6 (0.3) | [2.1,3.1] | 0.1058 | |||
| Previous quit attempt, yes | 87 | 90.6 | [84.7,96.6] | 41 | 89.1 | [79.8,98.5] | 46 | 92.0 | [84.2,99.8] | 0.7333 |
| # of previous quit attemptsa, Mean (SE) | 7.9 (1.2) | [5.5,10.3] | 9.0 (2.4) | [4.1,13.9] | 6.9 (0.9) | [5.1,8.6] | 0.7090 | |||
| 0 | 9 | 9.4 | [3.4,15.3] | 5 | 10.9 | [1.5,20.2] | 4 | 8.0 | [0.2,15.8] | 0.8611 |
| 1 | 5 | 5.2 | [0.7,9.7] | 2 | 4.3 | [0.0,10.5] | 3 | 6.0 | [0.0,12.8] | |
| 2-3 | 31 | 32.3 | [22.8,41.8] | 17 | 40.0 | [22.5,51.4] | 14 | 28.0 | [15.1,40.9] | |
| 4-5 | 19 | 19.8 | [11.7,27.9] | 8 | 17.4 | [6.0,28.8] | 11 | 22.0 | [10.1,33.9] | |
| 6+ | 32 | 33.3 | [23.7,42.9] | 14 | 30.4 | [16.6,44.3] | 18 | 36.0 | [22.2,49.8] | |
| Previously used FDA approved quit medication, yes any | 76 | 79.2 | [70.9,87.4] | 35 | 76.1 | [63.3,88.9] | 41 | 82.0 | [71.0,93.0] | 0.6159 |
| NRT product, any of 5 | 71 | 74.0 | [65.0,82.9] | 34 | 73.9 | [60.7,87.1] | 37 | 74.0 | [61.4,86.6] | 0.9999 |
| Combination NRT, yes | 29 | 30.2 | [20.9,39.6] | 11 | 23.9 | [11.1,36.7] | 18 | 36.0 | [22.2,49.8] | 0.2664 |
| Chantix or Bupropion, yes | 39 | 40.6 | [30.6,50.6] | 17 | 40.0 | [22.5,51.4] | 22 | 44.0 | [29.7,58.3] | 0.5364 |
| Current quit medication use (any) | 7 | 7.3 | [2.0,12.6] | 4 | 8.7 | [0.2,17.2] | 3 | 6.0 | [0.0,12.8] | 0.7067 |
| Vape daily (vs. nondaily) | 46 | 47.9 | [37.7,58.1] | 20 | 43.5 | [28.6,58.4] | 26 | 52.0 | [37.7,66.3] | 0.4217 |
| Very likely to use vape while quitting smoking (vs. possible) | 46 | 47.9 | [37.7,58.1] | 21 | 45.7 | [30.7,60.6] | 25 | 50.0 | [36.6,64.3] | 0.6880 |
| Nicotine-containing vape, yes | 92 | 95.8 | [91.8,99.9] | 44 | 95.7 | [89.5100.0] | 48 | 96.0 | [90.4100.0] | 0.9999 |
| Device type | ||||||||||
| Disposable | 17 | 17.9 | [10.0,25.7] | 9 | 19.6 | [7.7,31.5] | 8 | 16.0 | [5.5,26.5] | 0.1021 |
| Cartridge | 19 | 20.0 | [11.8,28.2] | 5 | 10.9 | [1.5,20.2] | 14 | 28.0 | [15.1,40.9] | |
| Refill self | 21 | 22.1 | [13.6,30.6] | 9 | 19.6 | [7.7,31.5] | 12 | 24.0 | [11.7,36.3] | |
| Modular | 38 | 40.0 | [30.0,50.0] | 23 | 50.0 | [35.0,65.0] | 15 | 30.0 | [16.8,43.2] | |
| No data | 1 | 1.0 | [0.0,3.1] | – | – | – | 1 | 2.0 | [0.0,6.0] | |
| Ecig Flavor | ||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1.0 | [0.0,3.1] | 0 | – | – | 1 | 2.0 | [0.0,6.0] | 0.8004 |
| Tobacco | 10 | 10.4 | [4.2,16.6] | 4 | 8.7 | [0.2,17.2] | 6 | 12.0 | [2.7,21.3] | |
| Menthol, mint, tobacco menthol | 12 | 12.5 | [5.8,19.2] | 5 | 10.9 | [1.5,20.2] | 7 | 14.0 | [4.0,24.0] | |
| Other (fruit, candy, etc) | 73 | 76.0 | [67.3,84.7] | 37 | 80.4 | [68.5,92.3] | 36 | 72.0 | [59.1,84.9] | |
| Primary reason for Ecig use | ||||||||||
| To quit smoking | 41 | 42.7 | [32.6,52.8] | 17 | 37.0 | [22.5,51.4] | 24 | 48.0 | [33.7,62.3] | 0.5610 |
| To cut down smoking | 25 | 26.0 | [17.1,35.0] | 15 | 32.6 | [18.5,46.7] | 10 | 20.0 | [8.5,31.5] | |
| Use when cannot smoke | 18 | 18.8 | [10.8,26.7] | 9 | 19.6 | [7.7,31.5] | 9 | 18.0 | [7.0,29.0] | |
| Avoid returning to smoking | 4 | 4.2 | [0.1,8.2] | 1 | 2.2 | [0.0,6.6] | 3 | 6.0 | [0.0,12.8] | |
| Other | 8 | 8.3 | [2.7,14.0] | 4 | 8.7 | [0.2,17.2] | 4 | 8.0 | [0.2,15.8] | |
| Vape environment – others vape at home and/or work, yes | 48 | 50.0 | [39.8,60.2] | 22 | 47.8 | [32.8,62.8] | 26 | 52.0 | [37.7,66.3] | 0.8383 |
| Number of closest friends vape (0–5), Mean (SE) | 1.6 (0.2) | [1.3,1.9] | 1.5 (0.3) | [1.0,2.1] | 1.6 (0.2) | [1.2,2.0] | 0.3050 | |||
| Ecig helpfulness with smoking urgesb (1–5), Mean (SE) | 3.6 (0.1) | [3.3,3.9] | 3.5 (0.2) | [3.0,3.9] | 3.7 (0.2) | [3.3,4.0] | 0.5828 | |||
| How long vape used | ||||||||||
| Less than 1 month | 5 | 5.2 | [0.7,9.7] | 3 | 6.5 | [0.0,13.9] | 2 | 4.0 | [0.0,9.6] | 0.6074 |
| 1- < 12 months | 32 | 33.3 | [23.7,42.9] | 13 | 28.3 | [14.7,41.8] | 19 | 38.0 | [24.1,51.9] | |
| 12+ months | 59 | 61.5 | [51.5,71.4] | 30 | 65.2 | [50.9,79.5] | 29 | 58.0 | [43.8,72.2] | |
| Ever daily vaper for 1+month | 58 | 60.4 | [50.5,70.4] | 28 | 60.9 | [46.2,75.5] | 30 | 60.0 | [45.9,74.1] | 0.9999 |
| Penn State E-cigarette dependence Questionnaire, Mean (SE) | 9.3 (0.4) | [8.5,10.2] | 8.8 (0.7) | [7.5,10.2] | 9.8 (0.6) | [8.6,11.0] | 0.1864 | |||
| Not dependent (0–3) | 6 | 6.3 | [1.3,11.2] | 4 | 8.7 | [0.2,17.2] | 2 | 4.0 | [0.0,9.6] | 0.2092 |
| Low dependence (4–8) | 39 | 40.6 | [30.6,50.6] | 21 | 45.7 | [30.7,60.6] | 18 | 36.0 | [22.2,49.8] | |
| Medium dependence (9-12) | 26 | 27.1 | [18.0,36.1] | 10 | 21.7 | [9.4,34.1] | 16 | 32.0 | [18.6,45.4] | |
| High dependence (13+) | 25 | 26.0 | [17.1,35.0] | 11 | 23.9 | [11.1,36.7] | 14 | 28.0 | [15.1,40.9] | |
a
Number of previous quit attempts asked of those who reported having a previous quit attempt.
b
Ecig helpfulness with smoking urges asked of those who answered any of the following as their primary reason for ecig use: “To quit smoking”, “To cut down smoking”, “Use when cannot smoke”, “Avoid returning to smoking”. Out of the 88 respondents who provided one of these primary reasons for ecig use, 80 provided a valid response to ecig helpfulness with smoking urges.