Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the sample.
| PD-ICD | PD-noICD | HC | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 18 | n = 17 | n = 15 | ||
| Age | 63.33 (8.24) | 61.65 (9.21) | 61.87 (9.77) | 0.837a |
| Sex, male (%) | 16 (88.90%) | 14 (82.40%) | 14 (93.30%) | 0.837b |
| Education (years) | 12.50 [7–20] | 11 [7–20] | 20 [5–20] | 0.319c |
| Premorbid IQ (WAIS-III Vocabulary) | 42.94 (10.13) | 44.82 (10.18) | 50.2 (7.46) | 0.319a |
| Disease duration (years) | 7.13 (3.96) | 7.5 (4.52) | – | 0.837d |
| UPDRS-III | 21.50 [10–46] | 18.00 [11–30] | – | 0.837e |
| H&Y stage | 2 [1.5–3] | 2 [1–3] | – | 0.837b |
| LEDTOTAL (mg) | 970 [450–2660] | 792 [250–1664] | – | 0.837e |
| LEDDA (mg) | 194.83 (165.99) | 211.76 (144.88) | – | 0.837d |
| HADS score | 6.50 [1–25] | 4 [1–10] | 6 [1–16] | 0.148c |
| QUIP-RS score | 16.50 [7–46] | 0 [0–0] | – | >0.001e |
Note: Values expressed in Mean (SD) for normally distributed variables, in Median [Range] for other variables. P-values represent FDR-adjusted p-values.
Abbreviations: IQ = Intelligence Quotient; WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; H&Y = Hoehn and Yahr scale; LEDTOTAL = Total levodopa equivalent daily dose was calculated according to the formula described by Tomlinson et al. (2010); LEDDA = Levodopa equivalent daily dose of dopamine agonist was calculated using the same formula; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; QUIP-RS = Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale.
One factor ANOVA.
Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio.
Kruskall-Wallis.
Two-sample T-test.
U Mann Whitney.